论“疆独”问题与美国的政策

发布时间：2018-09-12 17:35

【摘要】：新疆自古以来便是中国领土不可分割的一部分。在近代以前,中国国力强盛,边防巩固。新疆虽地处边关,但社会总体上相对安定,西部周边也无强敌,不存在安全威胁,也无“疆独”问题之说。进入近代之后,伴随着清王朝的衰弱和西方列强的入侵,新疆因其独特的地缘战略地位、丰富的自然资源和辽阔的地域面积,成为俄国、英国等列强觊觎和侵略的对象。进入20世纪之后,伴随着泛伊斯兰主义、泛突厥主义的渗透以及民族自决原则的冲击,在西方列强的策动下,新疆内部社会矛盾激化,“疆独”势力趁机作乱,最终导致“疆独”问题的产生。自此,“疆独”问题便成为影响新疆安全、稳定和发展的最大消极性因素之一。回顾世界近现代史,在世界各地的分裂主义运动中,一国内部的分裂势力往往将获取外部认可或支持视为实现其分裂目标的重要手段,而外部势力,特别是大国或大国集团出于不同目的,也往往会对他国内部的分裂问题进行一定程度的干涉。一系列分裂主义运动的案例也表明,如果没有外部势力的支持特别是大国或大国集团的支持,一国内部的分裂势力成功实现其分裂目标的可能性非常小。从“疆独”问题的演变历程来看,国际因素特别是大国因素一直是影响“疆独”问题演变的重要变量,英国、前苏联、美国等大国在不同时期都对“疆独”问题进行了某种程度的干涉。历代“疆独”势力之所以能够苟延残喘,一次又一次地制造分裂叛乱、暴力恐怖活动及各种分裂宣传,很大程度上讲是国际势力特别是大国力量支持的恶果。自美国介入“疆独”问题以来,美国对“疆独”问题政策便成为影响“疆独”问题的一个重要变量。冷战后,伴随着“疆独”问题的凸显,美国对“疆独”问题政策也开始浮出水面,逐渐走向公开化,美国对“疆独”问题的干涉力度也在不断加大,美国对“疆独”问题的影响力也不断扩大。一定意义上讲,美国对“疆独”问题政策已经成为影响“疆独”问题的最大外部变量,成为制约中国解决“疆独”问题的最大外部因素。而目前国内对这一问题的研究非常薄弱,仅有少数几篇文章。因而,探究美国对“疆独”问题政策的历史起源,系统梳理美国对“疆独”问题政策的演变历程,分析其动因、影响和前景,并就此思考中国的应对之策,思考新疆稳定和发展的根本之道,成为一个非常紧迫而又极具现实意义的议题。本文将围绕“疆独”问题及美国对“疆独”问题政策这一核心议题进行系统研究,引言部分将首先对本选题进行一个简要概述。然后在对“疆独”问题的产生和演变进行研究、梳理的基础上,分析美国对“疆独”问题政策的形成过程,系统梳理美国对“疆独”问题政策的发展历程,分析美国实施对“疆独”问题政策的动因、影响和前景,并就此思考“疆独”问题的实质及应对美国对“疆独”问题政策的对策。本文正文共分四章。第一章系统论述“疆独”问题的产生与演变。本章首先将结合近代以来国际、国内、疆内环境的变化,从思想和政治两方面入手,分析“疆独”问题的产生。然后,以时间为顺序,系统梳理“疆独”问题的演变历程,以求对“疆独”问题有一个全面的掌握和认知。第二章分析美国对“疆独”问题政策的形成并系统梳理其发展历程。本章将从美国驻迪化领事馆的设立谈起,探究美国对“疆独”问题政策的形成及其初步发展情况。然后,分别以冷战后、“9.11”事件后美国对华政策的调整为切入点,从整体到部分,系统梳理20世纪90年代以及“9.11”事件之后两个阶段美国对“疆独”问题政策的演变情况。第三章分析美国对“疆独”问题政策的动因、影响及其前景。本章首先从“天赋使命”观、反共产主义意识形态、实用主义外交哲学、国家利益四个维度分析美国对“疆独”问题政策的实施动因,然后研究美国对“疆独”问题政策的影响,包括对“疆独”问题的影响、对中美关系的影响和对世界反恐形势的影响。并就美国对“疆独”问题政策的前景进行展望。第四章对“疆独”问题及美国的政策进行思考。本章首先对“疆独”问题进行思考,思考“疆独”问题的实质。然后思考如何界定“疆独”问题在中美关系中的位置,在此基础上,探索应对美国对“疆独”问题政策应坚持的原则立场和策略。结语部分对新疆的战略地位、“疆独”问题的实质及美国对“疆独”问题政策进行了总结性论述,并思考解决“疆独”问题、实现新疆长治久安之策。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has been an integral part of China's territory since ancient times. Before modern times, China was strong and its frontier defense was consolidated. Although Xinjiang was located at the frontier crossings, its society was relatively stable on the whole. There were no strong enemies in the west, no security threats, and no "frontier independence" issues. After entering modern times, it was accompanied by the weakening of the Qing Dynasty and Western ranks. Since the 20th century, with the penetration of pan-Islamism, pan-Turkism and the impact of the principle of national self-determination, Xinjiang has become the object of coveting and aggression of the Russian and British powers for its unique geostrategic position, rich natural resources and vast geographical area. Social contradictions intensified, and the "Xinjiang independence" forces seized the opportunity to riot, eventually leading to the "Xinjiang independence" problem. Since then, the "Xinjiang independence" problem has become one of the biggest negative factors affecting Xinjiang's security, stability and development.
Recalling the modern history of the world, in the separatist movements all over the world, the separatist forces within a country often regard obtaining external recognition or support as an important means to achieve their separatist goals, while the external forces, especially the big powers or the big groups, for different purposes, tend to carry out a certain degree of division within other countries. Intervention. A series of cases of separatist movements also show that, without the support of external forces, especially the support of big powers or the Group of Great Powers, it is very unlikely that the separatist forces within a country will succeed in achieving their separatist goals. Great powers such as Britain, the former Soviet Union and the United States intervened in the issue of "independence of the frontier" to some extent in different periods. The reason why the forces of "independence of the frontier" in successive dynasties were able to linger on and create secessionist rebellions, violent terrorist activities and various propaganda of secession was to a large extent international forces. Since the United States intervened in the issue of "Xinjiang independence", its policy on "Xinjiang independence" has become an important variable affecting the issue of "Xinjiang independence". In a sense, the policy of the United States on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" has become the biggest external variable affecting the problem of "Xinjiang independence" and the biggest external factor restricting China's solution to the problem of "Xinjiang independence". The research on this issue is very weak, and there are only a few articles. Therefore, this paper explores the historical origin of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", systematically combs the evolution process of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", analyzes its causes, influences and prospects, and ponders on China's countermeasures and the fundamental way of Xinjiang's stability and development. It is a very urgent and realistic topic.
This paper will focus on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the core issue of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States. The introduction will first give a brief overview of this topic. This paper systematically reviews the development course of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States, analyzes the motives, influences and prospects of the policy of "Xinjiang independence" in the United States, and ponders the essence of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" and the Countermeasures of the policy of the United States to the problem of "Xinjiang independence".
The first chapter systematically discusses the emergence and evolution of the problem of "Xinjiang independence". This chapter will first analyze the emergence of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" from the ideological and political aspects in the light of the changes in the international, domestic and internal environment since modern times. Then, in order to systematically sort out the evolution process of the problem of "Xinjiang independence" in the order of time, in order to solve the problem of "Xinjiang independence". A comprehensive grasp and cognition.
The second chapter analyzes the formation of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and systematically combs its development process. This chapter will start with the establishment of the US consulate in Dihua to explore the formation of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and its preliminary development. From the whole to the part, this paper systematically reviews the evolution of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence" in the 1990s and the two stages after the "9.11" incident.
Chapter Three analyzes the causes, influences and prospects of the US policy on the issue of "Xinjiang independence". The impact includes the impact on the issue of "Xinjiang independence", the impact on Sino-US relations and the world's anti-terrorism situation.
Chapter Four ponders over the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the policy of the United States. Firstly, this chapter ponders the issue of "Xinjiang independence" and the essence of the issue. Then, it ponders how to define the position of "Xinjiang independence" in Sino-US relations. On this basis, it explores the principled stand and policy that the United States should adhere to on the issue of "Xinjiang independence". Strategy.
In the conclusion part, the author summarizes the essence of Xinjiang independence and the policy of the United States on Xinjiang independence, and thinks about the solution to the problem of Xinjiang independence so as to realize the long-term stability of Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D67;D871.2

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