冷战后美国南海政策演变之分析
发布时间：2018-10-09 18:00
【摘要】： 中国对南海及散布于其中的四大群岛拥有主权是不争的事实,在历史上,美国也曾经承认这一点。在冷战时期,基于在东南亚地区遏制中国的需要以及之后的“联华制苏”战略,美国的南海政策也经历了从“阻止中国进入南海”到“在南海问题上坚持中立立场”的转变。 冷战的结束使中美“准战略同盟”的关系不复存在。伴随美国对华战略的演变,美国的南海政策也经历了持续的变动。在确定南海对美国的利益至关重要之后,美国开始积极关注南海争端可能对美国带来的影响,并放弃了原先的“完全中立”政策。从1995年开始,美国逐渐在南海地区扮演具有明显倾向性的“平衡者”角色,随后积极扩大在南海及周边地区的政治和军事存在,并与东南亚相关国家在事实上形成了针对中国的联盟。为将当前的南海主权多元化的格局固定下来,并防止中国在南海地区获得优势,近年来美国的南海政策表现出了越来越强的干涉倾向。 冷战后美国南海政策的演变不是偶然发生的,而是美国根据自身在该地区的利益所做出的理性选择。基于中国是美国的“战略竞争对手”的认识、南海日益重要的战略价值、美国在经济上对该地区的依赖以及维护自身在其盟友之中的信誉等诸多因素,美国形成了当前的南海政策;而且由于上述因素在短期内难以改变,所以美国的南海政策在较长时期内不会发生根本性变化,而且其针对中国的干涉倾向还可能增强。 美国当前奉行的南海政策对中国在南海的权益产生了极为消极的影响:它刺激了东南亚相关国家进一步占据南海的野心,加剧了地区紧张局势,提高了中国维护自身海洋权益的成本,使中国收回被占岛礁的难度更大,并且使中美在台海问题之外又多了一个冲突焦点。 针对冷战后美国南海政策的变动,中国应该进一步明确宣示对南海的主权,引导美国参与中国对南海的开发进程,尊重美国在该地区的航行自由等合法权益,避免将收回南海主权与中国成为海洋大国相联系,将南海主权争端限制于中国与相关国家的范围之内,避免与美国在南海的直接对抗,并尝试联合台湾共同捍卫中国在南海的权益。通过上述政策,中国可以将美国南海政策所带来的消极影响降至最低。
[Abstract]:It is an indisputable fact that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea and the four archipelagos scattered among them, and the United States has acknowledged this in history. During the Cold War period, because of the need to contain China in Southeast Asia and the strategy of "United China and the Soviet Union", the policy of the United States in the South China Sea also underwent a transformation from "preventing China from entering the South China Sea" to "upholding a neutral stance on the issue of the South China Sea". With the end of the Cold War, the relationship between China and America's quasi-strategic alliance has ceased to exist. With the evolution of American strategy toward China, the South China Sea policy of the United States has also undergone continuous changes. After determining the importance of the South China Sea for the United States, the United States became actively concerned about the possible impact of the South China Sea dispute on the United States and abandoned its original "completely neutral" policy. Since 1995, the United States has gradually assumed the role of "balancer" in the South China Sea, and has since actively expanded its political and military presence in and around the South China Sea. And related countries with Southeast Asia in fact formed an alliance against China. In order to stabilize the present pluralistic pattern of sovereignty in the South China Sea and prevent China from gaining an advantage in the South China Sea, the policy of the United States in the South China Sea has shown an increasingly strong tendency to interfere in recent years. The evolution of American policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War did not happen by accident, but the rational choice made by the United States according to its own interests in the region. Based on the recognition that China is the "strategic competitor" of the United States, the growing strategic value of the South China Sea, the economic dependence of the United States on the region and the maintenance of its credibility among its allies, and so on, The United States has formed the current South China Sea policy, and because these factors are difficult to change in the short term, there will be no fundamental change in the South China Sea policy for a longer period of time, and its tendency to interfere with China is likely to increase. The current US policy on the South China Sea has had an extremely negative impact on China's rights and interests in the South China Sea: it has stimulated the ambitions of Southeast Asian countries to further occupy the South China Sea and increased regional tensions. It has increased the cost of China's maritime rights and interests, made it more difficult for China to recover its occupied islands and reefs, and added a new focus of conflict to the issue of the Taiwan Strait between China and the United States. In view of the changes in US policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War, China should further clearly declare its sovereignty over the South China Sea, guide the United States to participate in the process of China's development of the South China Sea, and respect the legitimate rights and interests of the United States, such as freedom of navigation in the region. To avoid linking the withdrawal of sovereignty over the South China Sea with China's becoming a major maritime power, to limit sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea to the scope of China and relevant countries, and to avoid direct confrontation with the United States in the South China Sea, And try to unite with Taiwan to defend China's rights and interests in the South China Sea. By doing so, China can minimize the negative impact of the US policy on the South China Sea.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2260255
[Abstract]:It is an indisputable fact that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea and the four archipelagos scattered among them, and the United States has acknowledged this in history. During the Cold War period, because of the need to contain China in Southeast Asia and the strategy of "United China and the Soviet Union", the policy of the United States in the South China Sea also underwent a transformation from "preventing China from entering the South China Sea" to "upholding a neutral stance on the issue of the South China Sea". With the end of the Cold War, the relationship between China and America's quasi-strategic alliance has ceased to exist. With the evolution of American strategy toward China, the South China Sea policy of the United States has also undergone continuous changes. After determining the importance of the South China Sea for the United States, the United States became actively concerned about the possible impact of the South China Sea dispute on the United States and abandoned its original "completely neutral" policy. Since 1995, the United States has gradually assumed the role of "balancer" in the South China Sea, and has since actively expanded its political and military presence in and around the South China Sea. And related countries with Southeast Asia in fact formed an alliance against China. In order to stabilize the present pluralistic pattern of sovereignty in the South China Sea and prevent China from gaining an advantage in the South China Sea, the policy of the United States in the South China Sea has shown an increasingly strong tendency to interfere in recent years. The evolution of American policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War did not happen by accident, but the rational choice made by the United States according to its own interests in the region. Based on the recognition that China is the "strategic competitor" of the United States, the growing strategic value of the South China Sea, the economic dependence of the United States on the region and the maintenance of its credibility among its allies, and so on, The United States has formed the current South China Sea policy, and because these factors are difficult to change in the short term, there will be no fundamental change in the South China Sea policy for a longer period of time, and its tendency to interfere with China is likely to increase. The current US policy on the South China Sea has had an extremely negative impact on China's rights and interests in the South China Sea: it has stimulated the ambitions of Southeast Asian countries to further occupy the South China Sea and increased regional tensions. It has increased the cost of China's maritime rights and interests, made it more difficult for China to recover its occupied islands and reefs, and added a new focus of conflict to the issue of the Taiwan Strait between China and the United States. In view of the changes in US policy in the South China Sea after the Cold War, China should further clearly declare its sovereignty over the South China Sea, guide the United States to participate in the process of China's development of the South China Sea, and respect the legitimate rights and interests of the United States, such as freedom of navigation in the region. To avoid linking the withdrawal of sovereignty over the South China Sea with China's becoming a major maritime power, to limit sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea to the scope of China and relevant countries, and to avoid direct confrontation with the United States in the South China Sea, And try to unite with Taiwan to defend China's rights and interests in the South China Sea. By doing so, China can minimize the negative impact of the US policy on the South China Sea.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 汪爱平;;美国南海政策的演变及其影响研究[J];广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2012年02期
，本文编号：2260255
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