《纽约时报》与中美关系（1972-1979）
发布时间：2018-10-14 09:20
【摘要】：上世纪70年代,世界上最发达的国家——美国与世界上人口最多的国家——中国由对峙走向和解,两国关系的变化举世瞩目。自1972年尼克松访华到1979年中美正式建交,中美关系正常化的道路可谓是一波三折。以《纽约时报》为代表的美国媒体舆论,凭借着敏锐的政治洞察力,报道事实、剖析利弊,设置议题、引导公共舆论,对中美关系的实际发展起到了或推进或阻碍的作用。“水门事件”之前的尼克松时代,《纽约时报》力挺政府对华政策的缓和,为访华的顺利进行奠定了舆论基础。“水门事件”之后,舆论不再看好中美关系的发展。此时的中美关系确实遭受了挫折。直至福特政府时期媒体舆论一直充当着风向标的作用,为中美关系的发展提供着消极的舆论导向。而当卡特执政之后,《纽约时报》由最初的冷淡逐渐转变为希望拓宽同中国的关系,这为中美两国的正式建交作了舆论准备。本文分为三章具体阐述《纽约时报》在中美正常化进程中所扮演的角色。 第一部分为《纽约时报》与中美和解的起点。该章以尼克松访华为主要切入点,交代了1972年尼克松访华之际的国际背景,尼克松政府与媒体的紧张关系及其媒介控制政策,并着重整理归纳了访华前后《纽约时报》的观点。本章的结论是：媒体舆论为尼克松访华提供了舆论支持。 第二部分为《纽约时报》与中美关系的停滞。这一章以“水门事件”为起点,描述了自该事件起以《纽约时报》为代表的美国媒体舆论对中美关系的质疑。直至福特总统入主白宫,媒体舆论一直充当着风向标的作用,为中美关系的发展提供着消极的舆论导向。尽管政府有心推动中美关系的继续发展,但媒体并不支持这种做法,这成为福特访华惨淡收场的原因之一 第三部分为《纽约时报》与中美正式建交。该章介绍了卡特总统的外交理念,并着重说明《纽约时报》如何从热衷于报道中国的负面消息转变为希望美国当局拓宽同中国的关系,这一变化过程与两国关系的发展轨迹基本吻合。媒体舆论为中美两国的正式建交作了充足的舆论准备。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the world's most developed country-the United States and the world's most populous country-China from confrontation to reconciliation, the change in relations between the two countries attracted worldwide attention. From Nixon's visit to China in 1972 to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the road of normalization between China and the United States can be described as a series of twists and turns. American media opinion, represented by the New York Times, relies on its keen political insight, reports facts, analyzes advantages and disadvantages, sets issues, guides public opinion, and plays a role in promoting or hindering the actual development of Sino-US relations. In Nixon's time before Watergate incident, the New York Times supported the relaxation of the government's China policy, which laid the foundation of public opinion for the smooth progress of China's visit. After the Watergate incident, public opinion is no longer optimistic about the development of Sino-US relations. Indeed, Sino-US relations have suffered setbacks at this time. Until the Ford government, the media always acted as the vane of the wind and provided negative guidance for the development of the Sino-American relations. After Carter took office, the New York Times gradually changed from the initial indifference to the desire to broaden relations with China, which prepared the public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. This paper is divided into three chapters to explain the role of the New York Times in the process of normalization between China and the United States. The first part is the starting point of reconciliation between the New York Times and the United States. This chapter takes Nixon's visit to China as the main breakthrough point, explains the international background of Nixon's visit to China in 1972, the tense relationship between Nixon administration and the media and its media control policy, and summarizes the views of the New York Times before and after his visit to China. The conclusion of this chapter is: media opinion provided public opinion support for Nixon's visit to China. The second part is the New York Times and the stagnation of Sino-US relations. This chapter takes Watergate incident as the starting point and describes the American media opinion's questioning of Sino-US relations represented by the New York Times since the event. Until President Ford took over the White House, media opinion served as a vane and provided negative guidance for the development of Sino-American relations. Despite the government's intention to promote the continued development of Sino-US relations, the media did not support this approach, which became one of the reasons for Ford's dismal visit to China. The third part was the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the New York Times and the United States. The chapter introduces President Carter's diplomatic philosophy and focuses on how the New York Times has changed from a keen focus on China's negative news to a desire for the United States authorities to broaden relations with China. This process of change basically coincides with the development of bilateral relations. Media public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States made adequate public opinion preparations.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D829;G219.29
本文编号：2270039
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the world's most developed country-the United States and the world's most populous country-China from confrontation to reconciliation, the change in relations between the two countries attracted worldwide attention. From Nixon's visit to China in 1972 to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the road of normalization between China and the United States can be described as a series of twists and turns. American media opinion, represented by the New York Times, relies on its keen political insight, reports facts, analyzes advantages and disadvantages, sets issues, guides public opinion, and plays a role in promoting or hindering the actual development of Sino-US relations. In Nixon's time before Watergate incident, the New York Times supported the relaxation of the government's China policy, which laid the foundation of public opinion for the smooth progress of China's visit. After the Watergate incident, public opinion is no longer optimistic about the development of Sino-US relations. Indeed, Sino-US relations have suffered setbacks at this time. Until the Ford government, the media always acted as the vane of the wind and provided negative guidance for the development of the Sino-American relations. After Carter took office, the New York Times gradually changed from the initial indifference to the desire to broaden relations with China, which prepared the public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. This paper is divided into three chapters to explain the role of the New York Times in the process of normalization between China and the United States. The first part is the starting point of reconciliation between the New York Times and the United States. This chapter takes Nixon's visit to China as the main breakthrough point, explains the international background of Nixon's visit to China in 1972, the tense relationship between Nixon administration and the media and its media control policy, and summarizes the views of the New York Times before and after his visit to China. The conclusion of this chapter is: media opinion provided public opinion support for Nixon's visit to China. The second part is the New York Times and the stagnation of Sino-US relations. This chapter takes Watergate incident as the starting point and describes the American media opinion's questioning of Sino-US relations represented by the New York Times since the event. Until President Ford took over the White House, media opinion served as a vane and provided negative guidance for the development of Sino-American relations. Despite the government's intention to promote the continued development of Sino-US relations, the media did not support this approach, which became one of the reasons for Ford's dismal visit to China. The third part was the official establishment of diplomatic relations between the New York Times and the United States. The chapter introduces President Carter's diplomatic philosophy and focuses on how the New York Times has changed from a keen focus on China's negative news to a desire for the United States authorities to broaden relations with China. This process of change basically coincides with the development of bilateral relations. Media public opinion for the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States made adequate public opinion preparations.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D829;G219.29
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