冷战后巴基斯坦外交政策评析

发布时间：2018-10-17 09:22

【摘要】：冷战后期,国际形势变幻莫测,在国际社会中由于美国的强势及苏联的霸权行为不得人心,致使苏联处于劣势。加之,苏联国内的经济及制度困境,使得苏联在全球范围内转入战略收缩,逐渐丢失了包括阿富汗在内的世界各地的战略要地。1989年2月15日,最后一批苏联军队撤出阿富汗。苏联撤出阿富汗给南亚地区的局势带来了转机,南亚局势的变化给南亚各国的发展带来新的机遇。巴基斯坦这个南亚重要国家的外交也因国际局势的变迁,尤其是南亚地区局势的变化而发生了一些微妙的变化。冷战后,巴基斯坦虽然政权更迭频繁——从贝·布托到现在的扎尔达里执政,从家族式政权到军人干政——但其外交政策却保持了相当高的一致性。其外交政策根据变化了的国际形势及国家战略需要而做出细微的调整。以“9·11”事件为界,巴基斯坦的外交政策基本保持平稳,但也做了部分调整以适应国际局势及国家利益的需要。总体上,虽经国际变幻,巴基斯坦对华外交政策以巩固深化全天候的伙伴关系为基调;与美国关系跌宕起伏变化比较大,因此巴对美外交政策也做了相应调整,经历了从不结盟到反恐战争合作;对其宿敌印度外交政策虽然开始调整,但两国关系友好的前景尚不明朗;对穆斯林国家外交政策以维持友好团结为主,扩展其战略联盟及纵深;而与包括英国在内的西方国家的关系在一定程度上受美国因素的影响,有较大的变化,但其外交政策则是改善和加强同这些国家的关系。冷战后的巴基斯坦外交政策受到了美国、地区以及国内等因素的影响。
[Abstract]:In the late Cold War, the international situation was unpredictable, and the Soviet Union was at a disadvantage in the international community because of the unpopularity of the United States and the hegemonic behavior of the Soviet Union. In addition, the economic and institutional difficulties in the Soviet Union made the Soviet Union shift into strategic contraction on a global scale and gradually lost strategic locations all over the world, including Afghanistan. On February 15, 1989, the last batch of Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan. The withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan has brought about a turnaround in the situation in South Asia, and the changes in the situation in South Asia have brought new opportunities to the development of the countries in South Asia. The diplomacy of Pakistan, an important country in South Asia, has undergone some subtle changes as a result of the changes in the international situation, especially in South Asia. After the cold war, Pakistan's foreign policy remained fairly consistent, despite frequent regime changes-from Bhutto to today's Zardari, from a family-style regime to military intervention. Its foreign policy has been fine-tuned in response to changing international and national strategic needs. Pakistan's foreign policy has remained basically stable in line with the events of September 11, but it has also made some adjustments to meet the needs of the international situation and national interests. In general, despite international changes, Pakistan's foreign policy towards China is based on consolidating and deepening its all-weather partnership; and its relations with the United States have experienced relatively large ups and downs, so Pakistan's foreign policy towards the United States has also been adjusted accordingly. Having experienced from non-alignment to cooperation in the war on terror; although the foreign policy of India, its old enemy, has begun to adjust, the prospects for friendly relations between the two countries are still unclear; and the foreign policy towards Muslim countries is mainly about maintaining friendly unity. Expanding its strategic alliance and depth, and its relations with Western countries, including Britain, are influenced by American factors to some extent, but its foreign policy is to improve and strengthen its relations with these countries. Pakistan's foreign policy after the cold war was influenced by American, regional and domestic factors.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D835.3

【参考文献】