福泽谕吉“台湾论”述评

发布时间：2018-10-25 09:51

【摘要】：甲午战争中国战败,1895年4月17日,双方签订《马关条约》,规定将台湾及其附属岛屿、澎湖列岛割让给日本。自此,台湾开始了半个世纪的日本殖民统治时代。在日治时代初期,思想家福泽谕吉为日本的殖民统治献计献策、摇旗呐喊。他以《时事新报》为言论阵地,连续发表数十篇关于对台政策的社论,其主要内容包括:夺取台湾对日本国防的重要战略意义、日本政府如何镇压台湾人民的反抗和治理台湾的建议等。福泽谕吉对日本政府的对台政策起了很大的舆论导向作用。这些社论表达的观点构成了福泽谕吉的“台湾论”。本文第一部分是对福泽谕吉生平和《时事新报》概况介绍。福泽作为报纸的创办人和主编,对报纸的走向起着决定性作用,《时事新报》的台湾社论完全等同于福泽谕吉的“台湾论”。第二部分首先从国际和国内两个方面分析了福泽“台湾论”产生的背景。接着分析了福泽“台湾论”的产生经过,由此得出结论:福泽从一个“文明论者”变为一个“侵略论者”,只是不同时期殖民主义思想的外在反映,其思想并未发生质的变化,其目的只有一个——实现日本的独立和所谓的富强,而富强是建立在中国与朝鲜半岛国家遭受欺凌的基础之上的。最后重点介绍“台湾论”的内容,福泽充分强调了台湾的重要战略地位以及对保障日本国防安全的重大意义。他提出的平定台湾人民反抗和治理台湾的建议,充分暴露了其殖民主义者的心态。第三部分是对福泽及其“台湾论”的评价。分别从地缘政治、福泽作为一名知识分子与日本政治关系、福泽对甲午中日战争的评价、及其提出的对台统治政策——同化主义的批判四个方面展开。福泽在言论上一直与日本明治政府的政策相互配合,其舆论导向作用不容忽视。晚年福泽对自己的人生可谓志得意满,他自信地评价了自己在日本开国维新以来四十余年中起的作用,称自己是这段历史的“创作者”之一。这种自我欣赏更暴露了福泽“台湾论”的本质,不能说日治初期台湾人遭受的痛苦与福泽毫无关系。
[Abstract]:China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1895. On April 17, 1895, the two sides signed the Treaty of Malaysia, which stipulated that Taiwan and its subsidiary islands, the Penghu Islands, should be ceded to Japan. Since then, Taiwan has begun a half-century period of Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of Japanese rule, the thinker FukuzawaYukichi offered advice and cheered for Japan's colonial rule. He used the "New Journal of current Affairs" as a base of speech and published dozens of editorials on Taiwan's policy in succession, the main contents of which included: seizing Taiwan's important strategic significance for Japan's national defense. Japanese government how to suppress the resistance of the people of Taiwan and proposals to govern Taiwan. FukuzawaYukichi played a leading role in the Japanese government's policy toward Taiwan. The opinions expressed in these editorials constitute FukuzawaYukichi's "Taiwan Theory." The first part of this article is a brief introduction to FukuzawaYukichi's life and the New Journal of current events. As the founder and editor-in-chief of the newspaper, Fuze plays a decisive role in the trend of the newspaper. The second part first analyzes the background of Fuze's "Taiwan Theory" from the international and domestic aspects. Then it analyzes the emergence of Fuze's "Taiwan Theory", and concludes that Fuzzer's change from a "civilist" to a "aggressionist" is only an external reflection of colonialism in different periods, and his thoughts have not changed qualitatively. There is only one goal-to achieve Japan's independence and so-called prosperity, which is based on the bullying of China and the Korean peninsula. In the end, Fukuzawa emphasized the important strategic position of Taiwan and its significance to Japan's national defense security. His proposal to pacify the Taiwan people against and govern Taiwan fully exposed his colonialist mentality. The third part is the evaluation of Fukuzawa and his theory of Taiwan. Respectively from four aspects: geopolitics, Fukuzawa's political relationship with Japan as an intellectual, his evaluation of the Sino-Japanese War in Japan and his criticism of assimilationism, a policy of ruling Taiwan. Fukuzawa has been speaking with Japan's Meiji government's policies, its public opinion guidance can not be ignored. In his later years, Fukuzawa was satisfied with the realization of his wish for life. He confidently evaluated his role in the more than 40 years since the founding of Japan, calling himself one of the "creators" of this history. This self-appreciation reveals the essence of Fuze's "Taiwan theory", and it cannot be said that the suffering suffered by Taiwanese in the early days of Japanese rule has nothing to do with Fuze.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D831.3;D827

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