冷战后美日同盟的三次调整

发布时间：2018-11-14 07:57

【摘要】：在克林顿、布什、奥巴马三位总统任内,美日同盟经历了三次调整。1996、1997年接连出台了《美日联合安全宣言》和新版《美日防卫合作新指针》,对同盟进行了再定义,安保体制从"专守防卫"扩大到了"应对周边事态"。布什政府任内同盟被定义为"应对全球性挑战",日本自卫队为阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争中的美军提供了后勤支持。加强美日同盟是奥巴马亚太再平衡战略的重中之重,美国强化了在中日钓鱼岛争议中支持日本的立场。2015年出台的新《美日防卫合作指针》强调美日间安全与防卫合作的全球属性,扩大了合作的范围,要求同盟从平时到战时都实现"无缝、强力、灵活、高效"的协调和反应。解禁集体自卫权是三次调整的核心内容,日本和平宪法第九条被架空。同盟的调整既表现了美国共和、民主两党政策的高度一致性,也显示了美日两国利益的高度契合。中国因素是同盟调整的一个重要考量,美日在制衡中国上有共同需求。同盟的调整给亚太地区安全形势增加了不稳定因素。
[Abstract]:During the three presidencies of Clinton, Bush, and Obama, the US-Japan alliance underwent three readjustments. In 1996 and 1997, the US-Japan Joint Security Declaration and the new edition of the New guidelines on US-Japan Defense Cooperation were successively issued, which redefined the alliance. The security system has expanded from being defensive to responding to peripheral events. The Bush administration's allies were defined as "meeting global challenges," and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces provided logistical support for the US military in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Strengthening the US-Japan alliance is the top priority of Obama's Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy. The United States has strengthened its position of supporting Japan in the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Islands dispute. The new US-Japan Defense Cooperation guidelines, published in 2015, emphasize the global nature of US-Japan security and defense cooperation, and expand the scope of cooperation. The alliance is required to coordinate and respond "seamlessly, strongly, flexibly and efficiently" from peacetime to wartime. The right of collective self-defense is the core of the three adjustments. The adjustment of the alliance not only shows the high consistency of the Republican and democratic policies of the United States, but also shows the high agreement between the interests of the two countries. China factor is an important consideration of alliance adjustment, the United States and Japan have a common need to counterbalance China. The adjustment of the alliance has added instability to the security situation in the Asia-Pacific region.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院美国研究所;
【分类号】：D871.2;D831.3

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