奥巴马政府对越南政策调整及美越关系走势

发布时间：2018-11-18 08:57

【摘要】：冷战结束后，从布什政府到克林顿政府再到小布什政府时期，美国对越政策经历了相应的变化。总体说来,就是在对越政策上逐步缓和；经济合作方面逐步解锁；安全防务和战略上越发重视；军事的联系由零接触到有所合作；意识形态上从未间断向越南输入民主、宗教自由和人权思想。奥巴马政府在执政之初于2009年就确定“重返亚洲”的目标，2010年以来，美国对外战略的一个显著特点是加快推进战略东移，强化在亚太地区的战略部署，，增强在东南亚的存在。在这个战略目标下，奥巴马政府注重同越南深入发展双边关系，国务卿一年内两次到访越南便可见一斑。越南是美国在亚洲、在东南亚的关键一环，因此美国与越南的合作越发紧密。美国认为越南将会成为在东南亚具有重要影响力的中间力量。在2011年7月美国国会研究服务局（CRS）就美越双边关系中美国对越南的目标描述的十分清晰。美国对越政策目标包括：发展更为和睦的双边关系、尽可能的把越南带进主流国家行列、使越南为美国的贸易和投资开放市场、促进越南国内的人权和民主的发展、平衡中国在区域内不断增加的影响力、保持美国在东南亚的影响力。奥巴马政府调整其对越政策有着多方面的战略考量，在其全球战略的背景下，越南在美国的对外政策考量中地位越来越重要。中国崛起给美国带来的威胁感，也是美国对越政策调整的又一关键因素。鉴于中越历史上存在纠葛，美国希望利用越南来制衡中国。希拉里曾公开表示，美国若想建立一个成功的区域架构，取决于美国同印度、新加坡、新西兰、马来西亚、蒙古、印度尼西亚、越南、文莱及太平洋岛国开展有效的合作。而美国认为影响其与这些国家关系最复杂和最重大的因素是中国。若把奥巴马政府重返东南亚看作是一幅巨大拼图的话，越南绝对是这一拼图中不可缺少的一块。自冷战结束后美越关系逐步深化，从最开始的寻找越战失踪人员问题一直到现阶段各个领域均有发展。特别是在奥巴马执政时期，美国对越南可谓十分重视，两国关系势头发展迅猛。两国在政治、经济和军事等领域不断深化合作并产生积极的效果。然而与此同时，两国的分歧仍然存在，因此，两国未来的关系的发展仍存在一定的变数。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, from the Bush administration to the Clinton administration to the Bush administration, the American policy toward Vietnam underwent corresponding changes. Generally speaking, it is the gradual relaxation of the policy towards Vietnam, the gradual unlocking of economic cooperation, the increasing emphasis on security and defense and strategy, the military contact from zero contact to some cooperation; Ideologically, democracy, freedom of religion, and human rights were constantly imported into Vietnam. The Obama administration set the goal of "returning to Asia" in 2009 at the beginning of its administration. Since 2010, a prominent feature of the U.S. foreign strategy has been to accelerate the strategic eastward shift, strengthen strategic deployment in the Asia-Pacific region, and strengthen its presence in Southeast Asia. Under this strategic objective, the Obama administration has focused on deepening bilateral relations with Vietnam, as evidenced by the Secretary of State's two visits to Vietnam in a year. Vietnam is a key link between the United States in Asia and Southeast Asia, so the United States and Vietnam cooperate more closely. The United States believes Vietnam will be an important intermediary in Southeast Asia. In July 2011, the Congressional Research Services Agency (CRS) provided a clear description of the U.S. goals for Vietnam in bilateral relations with Vietnam. The objectives of the United States policy towards Vietnam include: to develop more harmonious bilateral relations, to bring Viet Nam to the mainstream as far as possible, to open its markets for United States trade and investment, and to promote human rights and democratic development in Viet Nam. Balance China's growing influence in the region and maintain American influence in Southeast Asia. The Obama administration has many strategic considerations in adjusting its policy toward Vietnam, and Vietnam is becoming increasingly important in U.S. foreign policy in the context of its global strategy. The sense of threat from China's rise is another key factor in the adjustment of US policy towards Vietnam. Given the historical disputes between China and Vietnam, the US wants to use Vietnam to counterbalance China. Clinton has said publicly that a successful U.S. regional architecture depends on effective cooperation with India, Singapore, New Zealand, Malaysia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brunei and Pacific Island countries. The United States believes that the most complex and significant factor affecting its relations with these countries is China. Vietnam is an indispensable piece of the Obama administration's return to Southeast Asia as a huge puzzle. Since the end of the Cold War, the relations between the United States and Vietnam have gradually deepened, from the beginning of the search for missing persons in the Vietnam War to the development of every field at the present stage. Especially during the Obama administration, the United States attached great importance to Vietnam and relations between the two countries developed rapidly. The two countries continue to deepen cooperation in the political, economic and military fields and produce positive results. At the same time, however, differences still exist between the two countries, so the future development of relations between the two countries remains uncertain.
【学位授予单位】：国际关系学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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