英以关系研究（1948-1973）
发布时间：2018-12-11 10:45
【摘要】： 历史上,英国曾礼遇过犹太人,但也推行过不利于犹太人的政策。1948年以色列建国后,双方关系开始上升到国家层面。在1973年双方关系渐行渐远之前,英以关系一波三折。鉴于国内学术界还没有人对1948至1973年之间的英以关系进行过系统研究,本文将通过对此期间英以关系的研究,意在弄清英以关系的演变轨迹,揭示英以关系的实质,把握英以关系的特点及规律。 以色列建国以前,犹太人和英国人既有过友好的交往,也有过敌对的经历。英国曾对本国犹太人出台了一些友好政策,但也曾驱逐本土上的犹太人。一战后,英国一度支持犹太复国主义运动,但1939年后又转而限制犹太人向巴勒斯坦移民。双方在历史上的这种经历为后来两国关系的演变产生了较大影响。 以色列建国后的1948年至1958年期间,英以关系处于低迷时期。双方关系的主要特点就是冷漠乃至敌对,特别是在军售问题上,英国对以色列的各种武器要求往往断然加以拒绝。但从1958年到1967年6月“六天战争”爆发前这段时间,英以共度了一个友好时期。英国向以色列提供了大量军火,而且,在“六天战争”前夕英国还一度放弃在阿以问题上的低调姿态,公开支持以色列。然而,好景不长。第三次中东战争爆发后,英国遭到阿拉伯国家的种种制裁。为摆脱制裁,英国开始调整对以政策,致使英以关系不断降温,相互攻讦。六天战争后,英以关系达到了50年代中期以来两国关系的最低点。 第三次中东战争后,英以关系的急剧恶化除了政治因素外,还有着复杂的经济背景。就经济背景而言,石油禁运、苏伊士运河的关闭以及外汇储备的撤走是影响英国对以政策的三个重要因素。 需要指出的是,第三次中东战争后的十年里,英以关系虽日益恶化,但两国之间仍保持着一定的军火贸易往来。1973年后,伴随着英国在中东影响力进一步下降以及加入欧共体后英国外交逐步被纳入欧共体框架,英以两国在彼此眼中的战略价值急剧下降,因而双方关系渐行渐远,其对中东国际关系的影响也已大打折扣。 透过错综复杂的英以关系的表象,我们可以得出一些启示或规律。首先,英以关系的演变与英以两国尤其是英国的中东乃至全球战略密切相关。其次,尽管英以关系的实质是利益之争,但观念因素同样不容忽视。最后,英以双边关系的发展与英以特别是以色列自身实力的变化存有较大关联。
[Abstract]:Historically, Britain has courteously treated Jews, but also pursued policies against Jews. After the founding of Israel in 1948, relations between the two countries began to rise to the national level. Relations between Britain and Israel were twists and turns before the end of 1973. In view of the fact that there has been no systematic study on the relationship between Britain and Israel between 1948 and 1973 in domestic academic circles, this paper intends to clarify the evolution of the relationship between Britain and Israel through the study of the relationship between Britain and Israel during this period, and to reveal the essence of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Grasp the characteristics and laws of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Before Israel was founded, Jews and Britons had both friendly exchanges and hostile experiences. Britain has adopted some friendly policies towards its own Jews, but it has also expelled native Jews. After World War I, Britain supported the Zionist movement, but in 1939 it turned to restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine. The historical experience of both sides had a great influence on the evolution of the relations between the two countries. Between 1948 and 1958, after the founding of Israel, British-Israeli relations were in a doldrums. The main feature of the relationship is apathy and even hostility, especially when it comes to arms sales, and British demands for Israeli weapons are often flatly rejected. But between 1958 and June 1967, before the six-Day War broke out, Britain and Israel spent a period of friendship. Britain has supplied a lot of arms to Israel and, on the eve of the six-day war, has given up its low-key stance on the Arab-Israeli issue and publicly supported Israel. However, the good times are not long. After the third Middle East War, Britain was subjected to various Arab sanctions. In order to get rid of the sanctions, Britain began to adjust its policy toward Israel, which caused the relations between Britain and Israel to keep cooling and attacking each other. After the six-day war, British-Israeli relations reached their lowest point since the mid-1950s. After the third Middle East War, the rapid deterioration of British-Israeli relations, besides political factors, also has a complex economic background. In terms of economic background, the oil embargo, the closure of the Suez Canal and the withdrawal of foreign exchange reserves are three important factors affecting British policy towards Israel. It should be pointed out that in the ten years since the third Middle East War, although relations between Britain and Israel have deteriorated day by day, there has been a certain amount of arms trade between the two countries. After 1973, With the further decline of British influence in the Middle East and the gradual integration of British diplomacy into the framework of the European Community after joining the European Community, the strategic value of the two countries in the eyes of each other has declined sharply, and the relationship between the two sides has gradually gone further and further. Its impact on international relations in the Middle East has also been greatly compromised. Through the intricate appearance of Anglo-Israeli relations, we can draw some revelations or laws. First of all, the evolution of British-Israeli relations is closely related to the two countries, especially the Middle East and even the global strategy of Britain. Second, although the essence of British-Israeli relations is a dispute over interests, the concept factor should not be ignored. Finally, the development of bilateral relations between Britain and Israel is closely related to the change of its own strength, especially that of Israel.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D856.1;D838.2
[Abstract]:Historically, Britain has courteously treated Jews, but also pursued policies against Jews. After the founding of Israel in 1948, relations between the two countries began to rise to the national level. Relations between Britain and Israel were twists and turns before the end of 1973. In view of the fact that there has been no systematic study on the relationship between Britain and Israel between 1948 and 1973 in domestic academic circles, this paper intends to clarify the evolution of the relationship between Britain and Israel through the study of the relationship between Britain and Israel during this period, and to reveal the essence of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Grasp the characteristics and laws of the relationship between Britain and Israel. Before Israel was founded, Jews and Britons had both friendly exchanges and hostile experiences. Britain has adopted some friendly policies towards its own Jews, but it has also expelled native Jews. After World War I, Britain supported the Zionist movement, but in 1939 it turned to restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine. The historical experience of both sides had a great influence on the evolution of the relations between the two countries. Between 1948 and 1958, after the founding of Israel, British-Israeli relations were in a doldrums. The main feature of the relationship is apathy and even hostility, especially when it comes to arms sales, and British demands for Israeli weapons are often flatly rejected. But between 1958 and June 1967, before the six-Day War broke out, Britain and Israel spent a period of friendship. Britain has supplied a lot of arms to Israel and, on the eve of the six-day war, has given up its low-key stance on the Arab-Israeli issue and publicly supported Israel. However, the good times are not long. After the third Middle East War, Britain was subjected to various Arab sanctions. In order to get rid of the sanctions, Britain began to adjust its policy toward Israel, which caused the relations between Britain and Israel to keep cooling and attacking each other. After the six-day war, British-Israeli relations reached their lowest point since the mid-1950s. After the third Middle East War, the rapid deterioration of British-Israeli relations, besides political factors, also has a complex economic background. In terms of economic background, the oil embargo, the closure of the Suez Canal and the withdrawal of foreign exchange reserves are three important factors affecting British policy towards Israel. It should be pointed out that in the ten years since the third Middle East War, although relations between Britain and Israel have deteriorated day by day, there has been a certain amount of arms trade between the two countries. After 1973, With the further decline of British influence in the Middle East and the gradual integration of British diplomacy into the framework of the European Community after joining the European Community, the strategic value of the two countries in the eyes of each other has declined sharply, and the relationship between the two sides has gradually gone further and further. Its impact on international relations in the Middle East has also been greatly compromised. Through the intricate appearance of Anglo-Israeli relations, we can draw some revelations or laws. First of all, the evolution of British-Israeli relations is closely related to the two countries, especially the Middle East and even the global strategy of Britain. Second, although the essence of British-Israeli relations is a dispute over interests, the concept factor should not be ignored. Finally, the development of bilateral relations between Britain and Israel is closely related to the change of its own strength, especially that of Israel.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D856.1;D838.2
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