加拿大对华政策：自主诉求与美国因素（1940s-1970s）

发布时间：2019-01-04 13:47

【摘要】：早在1949年11月16日，加拿大内阁就做出了“原则上同意承认”新中国的决定，但直到1970年10月13日两国才正式建立外交关系，其间历时21年之久，这是一个值得思考的问题。简单地讲，本论文正是找寻这个问题的答案。本文以外交档案为依据，通过对庞杂外交档案的分析来尽可能历史地还原从新中国成立到加中双方建交这段时期，，加拿大在对华政策中“自主诉求”与“美国因素”激烈冲撞的过程，力争做到“用史实说话”。论文前四章对冷战期间加拿大对华政策的历史进行梳理，选取了加拿大对华政策中最具历史性意义的重要事件作为重点分析对象，包括政治上的“承认新中国”、“恢复中国联合国合法席位”以及两国“建交”问题，经济上的“中加小麦贸易”问题，文化上的“中加记者互派”问题。同时，作者特别关注了国际局势的变化对加拿大对华政策的影响，如朝鲜战争、越南战争、台海危机等。通过对加拿大“一波三折，曲折迂回”的对华政策的历史分析，作者剖析了加拿大对华政策中“自主诉求”与“美国因素”之间的对冲与平衡。在历史分析的基础之上，最后一章以加拿大为例，从“实力”与“意志”的角度探析中等国家自主诉求的有限性问题。同时，从干涉国本身行为的调整，干预对象国的反应，以及冷战期间的不确定因素三个方面分析大国干预的有限性问题。最后作者指出，中等国家参与国际事务面临着三大困境：结构性权力不足的困境，受大国干涉的困境以及多边外交失效时的困境，据此提出中等国家可以从三个方面改进，即：对国家利益战略分级，从依附型多边外交向独立型多边外交转变以及维护好中等国家国际社会好公民的良好形象。
[Abstract]:As early as November 16, 1949, the Canadian Cabinet made the decision to "agree in principle" to the new China, but it was not until October 13, 1970 that the two countries formally established diplomatic relations, which lasted for 21 years. In short, this paper is to find the answer to this question. Based on the diplomatic archives, this paper tries to restore the period from the founding of New China to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Canada and China as far as possible through the analysis of the numerous diplomatic archives. In the process of "independent appeal" and "American factor" in Canada's China policy, Canada strives to "speak with historical facts". The first four chapters comb the history of Canada's China policy during the Cold War, and select the most historic and important event in Canada's China policy as the focus of analysis, including the political recognition of New China. The issue of "restoring China's legal seat in the United Nations", the question of "establishing diplomatic relations" between the two countries, the issue of "Sino-Canadian wheat trade" in the economy, and the "mutual distribution of journalists between China and Canada" in culture. At the same time, the author pays special attention to the influence of the change of international situation on Canada's China policy, such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Taiwan Strait crisis and so on. Through the historical analysis of Canada's "twists and turns, twists and turns" in its China policy, the author analyzes the hedging and balance between "independent demand" and "American factor" in Canada's China policy. On the basis of historical analysis, the last chapter takes Canada as an example to analyze the limitation of independent demands of middle and other countries from the angle of "strength" and "will". At the same time, this paper analyzes the limitation of the intervention from three aspects: the adjustment of the intervention country's own behavior, the reaction of the intervention target country, and the uncertain factors during the Cold War. Finally, the author points out that the middle countries are faced with three major dilemmas in participating in international affairs: the dilemma of insufficient structural power, the dilemma of being interfered by big powers, and the dilemma of multilateral diplomacy when it is invalid. Based on this, the author points out that the middle countries can be improved from three aspects. That is, the strategic classification of national interests, the transition from dependent multilateral diplomacy to independent multilateral diplomacy, and the maintenance of the good image of the international community of the middle and other countries.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.1

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