论欧盟对区域少数民族的保护

发布时间：2019-02-19 11:40

【摘要】：冷战后欧洲少数民族问题凸显，中东欧地区经历国家分裂与民族重组后仍面临诸多不稳定因素，西欧民族分离主义与排外主义盛行，穆斯林移民、罗姆人等特殊少数民族的生存状况令人堪忧。欧洲一体化进程中民主制度和人权的发展，欧盟内部不同民族间的流动和交往，特别是欧盟东扩进程的势在必行，都使得欧盟必须认真考虑少数民族保护问题。欧盟少数民族保护政策主要分为总体性政策和东扩进程中对中东欧少数民族的具体保护政策。前者包括《哥本哈根协议》、《马斯特里赫特条约》和《阿姆斯特丹条约》中的相关条款以及其他具体领域的法令文件等。后者主要包括针对每个中东欧入盟国的年度报告、《2000议程》、《入盟伙伴关系》及其他相关宣言报告等。在案例研究方面，本文重点分析了中东欧罗姆人保护制度，以此作为欧盟保护特殊少数民族的政策范例。至今为止，，欧盟政策仍存在“双重标准”、“二元结构”，缺乏具体措施，政策执行效果不佳以及观念不平等、“民主赤字”等问题亟待解决。而目前，欧盟内部原存在的西欧民族问题、移民问题，加上东扩带来的中东欧少数民族问题一并摆在欧盟面前。欧盟应结合各种少数民族问题的起因和特点做出相应的政策调整和深化，人们期待更多有效政策的问世和奏效。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, the problems of minority nationalities in Europe were highlighted, and the Central and Eastern Europe region still faced many unstable factors after the country split and national reorganization, the ethnic separatism and xenophobia in Western Europe prevailed, Muslim immigrants, The living conditions of the Roma and other special minorities are worrying. The development of democracy and human rights in the process of European integration, the flow and communication among different nationalities in the European Union, especially the necessity of the eastward expansion of the EU make it necessary for the EU to seriously consider the issue of minority protection. The EU minority protection policy is mainly divided into the overall policy and the specific protection policy for the central and eastern European minorities in the process of eastward expansion. The former includes the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord, the Maastricht Treaty and the Amsterdam Treaty, as well as other specific legal documents. The latter mainly includes the annual report for each of the Central and Eastern European allies, agenda 2000, Partnership for accession and other relevant declarations. In case study, this paper focuses on the analysis of the protection system of Roma in Central and Eastern Europe, as an example of EU policy on the protection of special minorities. So far, there are still some problems in EU policy, such as "double standard", "dual structure", lack of concrete measures, poor effect of policy implementation, unequal concept, "democratic deficit" and so on. At present, the problems of ethnic minorities in Western Europe, immigration, and the ethnic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe brought about by the eastward expansion of the European Union are in front of the EU. The EU should make corresponding policy adjustment and deepening according to the causes and characteristics of various ethnic minority problems, and people expect more effective policies to come out and to be effective.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D814.1

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