试析冷战后美国对中东地区的公共外交

发布时间：2019-02-26 18:59

【摘要】：外交是随着国家间的相互交往而产生和发展的，它是一国实现国家利益和全球战略的重要工具。公共外交是外交的一种新形式，它被视为是建立和提升国际影响力的重要途径。冷战后，随着全球化和信息技术的发展，信息的传播渠道和速度大大增加；国家间相互依存的程度和范围不断加深；公众舆论成为影响一国对外政策的重要因素，在此背景下，公共外交应运而生。在国际关系领域中，公共外交一般是指一国与外国公众的沟通，它的方式和手段非常广泛：政府公关、个人接触、媒体传播、互联网、教育交流、语言培训、文化活动和交流等。公共外交目的是塑造国际形象、促进对外政策目标的实现以及维护国家利益。有效的公共外交的前提是对话，核心是双向沟通。在整个外交战略中，公共外交发挥着越来越重要的作用。它是一国软实力的重要组成部分，是国际对话的重要手段，是维护国家安全的重要工具。美国是一个高度重视公共外交的国家，二战以来，公共外交一直是美国对外政策的重要组成部分。美国试图利用公共外交来解释其外交政策和宣传其价值观、意识形态，塑造美国在全球的形象，提高美国在国际上的认知度，维护美国的国家利益和国家安全。中东具有重要的战略地理位置，是伊斯兰世界的核心，也是反美主义和恐怖主义的高发地。反美主义的泛滥不仅消弱了美国的软实力，还威胁了美国的国家安全和国家利益。因此，美国自然把中东地区视为其公共外交战略的主要目标，对该地区的公共外交也是美国反恐斗争中不可或缺的部分。冷战以来，美国在中东地区开展了一系列的公共外交活动，这些公共外交活动的特点表现为：与“先发制人”战略并行；融合在“推进民主”的战略之下；是“巧实力”战略的重要组成部分。但毕竟外交是内政的延续，美国公共外交依然体现了其霸权政策，这就使得美国在中东地区的公共外交效果是有限的，美国在该地区的公共外交依然面临诸多困境。美国在中东地区的公共外交仍然充满不确定性，需要运用网络公共外交、教育与文化交流项目等有效措施提高公共外交的效能。作为崛起中的大国，中国面对新的国际环境，不仅要重视公共外交在外交战略中的重要地位，而且要制定新的公共外交战略，同时借鉴和吸取他国的经验和教训，，有效地开展公共外交，来更好地应对国际环境的变化。
[Abstract]:Diplomacy comes into being and develops with the interaction between countries. It is an important tool for a country to realize its national interests and global strategy. Public diplomacy is a new form of diplomacy. It is regarded as an important way to establish and enhance international influence. After the cold war, with the development of globalization and information technology, the channels and speed of dissemination of information increased greatly, and the degree and scope of interdependence among countries deepened. Public opinion has become an important factor affecting a country's foreign policy. Under this background, public diplomacy emerges as the times require. In the field of international relations, public diplomacy generally refers to the communication between a country and the foreign public in a wide range of ways and means: government public relations, personal contacts, media dissemination, the Internet, educational exchanges, language training, Cultural activities and exchanges, etc. The purpose of public diplomacy is to create an international image, to promote the realization of foreign policy objectives and to safeguard national interests. The premise of effective public diplomacy is dialogue, and the core is two-way communication. In the whole diplomatic strategy, public diplomacy plays a more and more important role. It is an important component of a country's soft power, an important means of international dialogue, and an important tool for maintaining national security. The United States is a country that attaches great importance to public diplomacy. Since World War II, public diplomacy has been an important part of American foreign policy. The United States attempts to use public diplomacy to explain its foreign policy and publicize its values, ideology, image of the United States in the world, improve its international awareness, and safeguard the national interests and national security of the United States. The Middle East has an important strategic geographical position, is the core of the Islamic world, but also the high incidence of anti-Americanism and terrorism. The proliferation of anti-Americanism not only weakens America's soft power, but also threatens its national security and national interests. Therefore, the United States naturally regards the Middle East region as the main goal of its public diplomacy strategy, and it is also an indispensable part of the United States' fight against terrorism. Since the Cold War, the United States has carried out a series of public diplomacy activities in the Middle East. The characteristics of these public diplomacy activities are as follows: parallel to the strategy of "pre-emptive strike", amalgamation under the strategy of "promoting democracy"; It is an important part of the strategy of "skillful strength". But after all, diplomacy is the continuation of internal affairs, American public diplomacy still reflects its hegemonic policy, which makes the effect of American public diplomacy in the Middle East is limited, and American public diplomacy in the region is still facing many difficulties. The American public diplomacy in the Middle East is still full of uncertainty. It is necessary to use the network public diplomacy, education and cultural exchange program and other effective measures to improve the effectiveness of public diplomacy. In the face of the new international environment, China, as a rising country, should not only attach importance to the important position of public diplomacy in the diplomatic strategy, but also formulate a new public diplomatic strategy, and at the same time draw lessons from the experiences and lessons of other countries. Effective public diplomacy to better respond to changes in the international environment.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D815.4

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