“道义外交”与新中国对日策略
发布时间：2019-04-30 15:06
【摘要】：新中国成立初期,为了打破中日间的“不正常”状态,着眼未来建立两国正常的外交关系,中国政府提出了“民间先行,以民促官”的对日方针,旨在通过开展“民间外交”来推动中日关系走向正常化。事实证明,“民间外交”在推动中日两国关系发展中始终发挥着重要作用。在活跃的多层次的“民间外交”蓬勃发展的过程中,始终隐含着推动中日关系发展的“道义外交”。“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。”“道义外交”以其道义力量,化解了日本帝国主义给中日两国人民造成的战争伤害和心灵创伤,使两国人民在感情和心理上不断靠近,为开启中日“民间外交”的大门进而推动两国关系走向正常化提供了助力。目前,学术界对此的研究甚少。有鉴于此,本文以新中国成立后中日关系的发展为主线,以新中国为实现中日邦交正常化而做出的种种“道义”努力为考查重点,从外交策略的角度来分析“道义外交”及其实践。全文主要由三部分构成： 第一部分主要论述“道义外交”的界定及其渊源。具体分析新中国对日“道义外交”的由来及其主要特征、历史渊源、与“人民外交”的关系。 第二部分论述新中国对日“道义外交”的运用及其在中日关系发展中的作用。通过把握“道义外交”的实施背景,重点考察善待日本遗孤、宽释日本战俘、放弃对日战争索赔、对日民间往来、中日无信不立等典型案例和事件,从而探讨对日“道义外交”的运用；根据民间外交的建立、向半官方的发展、蜜月期的中日交往、中日关系不断提升等中日关系四个阶段,阐明“道义外交”在中日关系发展中的作用。 第三部分主要阐明中日之间“道义外交”的现状及其评价问题。具体论述新中国对日“道义外交”的遗留问题及评价、实现中日邦交正常化和维系中日关系等两方面价值。 文章最后指出,在未来中日关系中,“道义外交”仍然有用武之地。它可以使中国在中日关系中始终处于道德制高点,为中日战略互惠关系的建设不断增信释疑,同时又可使中国对日“道义外交”成为中国处理对外关系的典范,不断增强中国的国际公信力和国家软实力。另一方面,我们必须明白：作为一项外交策略,“道义外交”不可能代替正常的外交政策和外交战略；“道义外交”实施过程中,应该更注重对国家利益的诉求,不应仅为了道义而道义,而应为了国家利益而道义；“道义外交”的具体运用,应更讲究“道义”方式,一旦做出要广而告之,昭示天下；“道义外交”要与互惠互利相辅相成,共同促进双边关系的发展。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to break the "abnormal" state between China and Japan and to set up normal diplomatic relations between the two countries in the future, the Chinese Government put forward the policy of "giving priority to the people and promoting officials with the people." The aim is to promote the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations through the development of "folk diplomacy". Facts have proved that "folk diplomacy" has always played an important role in promoting the development of Sino-Japanese relations. During the vigorous development of folk diplomacy, the moral diplomacy which promotes the development of Sino-Japanese relations has always been implied. "three feet of ice, not a day of cold." "moral diplomacy", with its moral strength, defused the war injury and trauma caused by Japanese imperialism to the people of China and Japan, and brought the peoples of the two countries closer emotionally and psychologically. It helps to open the door of "folk diplomacy" between China and Japan and promote the normalization of the relations between the two countries. At present, academic research on this is very little. In view of this, this article takes the development of Sino-Japanese relations after the founding of New China as the main line, and focuses on the various "moral efforts" made by New China to achieve the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations. This paper analyzes "moral diplomacy" and its practice from the perspective of diplomatic strategy. The full text mainly consists of three parts: the first part mainly discusses the definition and origin of moral diplomacy. This paper analyzes the origin, main characteristics, historical origin, and the relationship between people's diplomacy and "moral diplomacy" of New China to Japan. The second part discusses the application of New China's moral diplomacy to Japan and its role in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. By grasping the background of the implementation of "moral diplomacy", we will focus on typical cases and events, such as treating Japanese orphans, liberating Japanese prisoners of war, abandoning claims for war against Japan, non-governmental exchanges with Japan, and China and Japan having no credibility or disbelief, and so on. In order to explore the use of "moral diplomacy" to Japan; According to the establishment of folk diplomacy, the semi-official development, the Sino-Japanese exchanges during the honeymoon period, and the continuous improvement of Sino-Japanese relations, this paper expounds the role of "moral diplomacy" in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. The third part mainly expounds the present situation and evaluation of the moral diplomacy between China and Japan. This paper discusses the problems left over by the "moral diplomacy" of New China to Japan and its evaluation, the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations and the value of maintaining Sino-Japanese relations. Finally, the paper points out that in the future Sino-Japanese relations, moral diplomacy still has the opportunity to exert its talents. It can keep China at a moral high point in Sino-Japanese relations, constantly increase its confidence in the construction of a mutually beneficial strategic relationship between China and Japan, and at the same time make China's "moral diplomacy" towards Japan a model for China's handling of foreign relations. Continue to strengthen China's international credibility and national soft power. On the other hand, we must understand that as a diplomatic strategy, "moral diplomacy" cannot replace the normal foreign policy and foreign strategy; In the process of implementing "moral diplomacy", we should pay more attention to the demand for national interests, not only for moral reasons but also for national interests. The concrete application of "moral diplomacy" should pay more attention to the way of "morality", once it is made widely, it should be made known to the whole world, and "moral diplomacy" should complement each other with mutual benefit and promote the development of bilateral relations together.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D829.313
本文编号：2468839
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to break the "abnormal" state between China and Japan and to set up normal diplomatic relations between the two countries in the future, the Chinese Government put forward the policy of "giving priority to the people and promoting officials with the people." The aim is to promote the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations through the development of "folk diplomacy". Facts have proved that "folk diplomacy" has always played an important role in promoting the development of Sino-Japanese relations. During the vigorous development of folk diplomacy, the moral diplomacy which promotes the development of Sino-Japanese relations has always been implied. "three feet of ice, not a day of cold." "moral diplomacy", with its moral strength, defused the war injury and trauma caused by Japanese imperialism to the people of China and Japan, and brought the peoples of the two countries closer emotionally and psychologically. It helps to open the door of "folk diplomacy" between China and Japan and promote the normalization of the relations between the two countries. At present, academic research on this is very little. In view of this, this article takes the development of Sino-Japanese relations after the founding of New China as the main line, and focuses on the various "moral efforts" made by New China to achieve the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations. This paper analyzes "moral diplomacy" and its practice from the perspective of diplomatic strategy. The full text mainly consists of three parts: the first part mainly discusses the definition and origin of moral diplomacy. This paper analyzes the origin, main characteristics, historical origin, and the relationship between people's diplomacy and "moral diplomacy" of New China to Japan. The second part discusses the application of New China's moral diplomacy to Japan and its role in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. By grasping the background of the implementation of "moral diplomacy", we will focus on typical cases and events, such as treating Japanese orphans, liberating Japanese prisoners of war, abandoning claims for war against Japan, non-governmental exchanges with Japan, and China and Japan having no credibility or disbelief, and so on. In order to explore the use of "moral diplomacy" to Japan; According to the establishment of folk diplomacy, the semi-official development, the Sino-Japanese exchanges during the honeymoon period, and the continuous improvement of Sino-Japanese relations, this paper expounds the role of "moral diplomacy" in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. The third part mainly expounds the present situation and evaluation of the moral diplomacy between China and Japan. This paper discusses the problems left over by the "moral diplomacy" of New China to Japan and its evaluation, the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations and the value of maintaining Sino-Japanese relations. Finally, the paper points out that in the future Sino-Japanese relations, moral diplomacy still has the opportunity to exert its talents. It can keep China at a moral high point in Sino-Japanese relations, constantly increase its confidence in the construction of a mutually beneficial strategic relationship between China and Japan, and at the same time make China's "moral diplomacy" towards Japan a model for China's handling of foreign relations. Continue to strengthen China's international credibility and national soft power. On the other hand, we must understand that as a diplomatic strategy, "moral diplomacy" cannot replace the normal foreign policy and foreign strategy; In the process of implementing "moral diplomacy", we should pay more attention to the demand for national interests, not only for moral reasons but also for national interests. The concrete application of "moral diplomacy" should pay more attention to the way of "morality", once it is made widely, it should be made known to the whole world, and "moral diplomacy" should complement each other with mutual benefit and promote the development of bilateral relations together.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D829.313
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