美国主流媒体对中美乒乓外交的影响
发布时间：2019-06-11 10:36
【摘要】：乒乓外交开启了隔绝20多年的中美关系的大门。“乒乓外交”一词最早是由媒体在报道中使用的。1971年第31届世乒赛在日本举行期间，美国代表队运动员科恩在前往比赛场馆时误乘中国队的车，中国乒乓名将庄则栋赠予礼物给科恩，由两国运动员展开的友谊被敏锐的媒体所捕捉，从而拉开了中美乒乓外交的序幕。世界上的许多主流媒体都对此事给予了极大的关注，推动了中国同意美国乒乓球代表团的访华请求。1971年4月11日至18日，美国代表团成员的在华活动引起了主流媒体、特别是美国主流媒体的广泛报道，进而对美国公众舆论产生了巨大影响。 美国乒乓球队访华并不能确保乒乓外交的成功。媒体在中美乒乓外交中发挥了重要的推动作用，是打破中美之间坚冰，，搭建两国民众沟通桥梁，传播和塑造国家形象、推动两国领导人进行外交决策的重要因素。 媒体在乒乓外交中的作用首先表现在对于美国公众舆论的塑造上，中美隔绝多年，人员交往中断，媒体的报道是公众获取有关中国信息的主要来源。美国乒乓球代表团作为新中国成立后的首支访华队伍，《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》等主流媒体改变过去对中国消极、负面的评价，对美国代表团在华访问进行了细致的报道，为美国公众中展现了一个积极健康的中国形象，由此引起美国公众舆论的变化，并体现在美国民众关于是否同意恢复中国在联合国合法地位的支持率上。 主流媒体还影响了中美两国的外交决策。中国领导人利用记者和媒体传达自己对重大问题的看法，并向尼克松传话，通过媒体展示中国形象，对外传递友好信号，此外媒体报道还作为外交决策的参考信息推动了毛泽东同意美国代表团的访华请求。美国尼克松政府通过媒体对公众舆论的影响，试探民众对美国对华缓和政策的反应，使其对华政策得以顺利施行。 在乒乓外交的促进下，中美关系打破坚冰迅速缓和最终得以建交。在从乒乓外交学习其借鉴意义的同时，也应看到媒体在乒乓外交中发挥作用的特殊性和局限性，这是当时的国际国内环境和利益需求决定的。
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D871.2;D822.3
本文编号：2497126
[Abstract]:Ping-pong diplomacy opened the door to Sino-US relations, which have been isolated for more than 20 years. The term "ping-pong diplomacy" was first used in media reports. During the 31st World Table Tennis Championships held in Japan in 1971, American team athlete Cohen accidentally took the Chinese team's car when he went to the stadium. Zhuang Zedong, a famous Chinese ping-pong player, gave Cohen a gift, and the friendship between the athletes of the two countries was captured by keen media, thus opening the prelude to ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States. Many mainstream media in the world have paid great attention to this matter and promoted China to agree to the request of the US table tennis delegation to visit China. From April 11 to 18, 1971, the activities of members of the US delegation in China aroused the mainstream media. In particular, the extensive coverage of the mainstream media in the United States has had a great impact on American public opinion. The visit of the American table tennis team to China does not ensure the success of ping-pong diplomacy. The media has played an important role in promoting ping-pong diplomacy between China and the United States, and is an important factor in breaking the ice between China and the United States, building bridges between the people of the two countries, spreading and shaping the national image, and promoting the leaders of the two countries to make diplomatic decisions. The role of the media in ping-pong diplomacy is first reflected in the shaping of American public opinion. China and the United States have been isolated for many years, personnel exchanges have been interrupted, and media reports are the main source of public access to information about China. As the first team to visit China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the US table tennis delegation has changed its negative and negative comments on China in the past by mainstream media such as the New York Times and the Washington Post. A detailed report on the visit of the US delegation to China has shown a positive and healthy image of China among the American public, thus causing changes in public opinion in the United States. It is also reflected in the approval rating of the American people about whether they agree to restore China's legal status at the United Nations. The mainstream media also influenced the diplomatic decisions of China and the United States. Chinese leaders used journalists and the media to convey their views on major issues, sent messages to Nixon, displayed China's image through the media, and conveyed friendly signals to the outside world. In addition, media reports also promoted Mao Zedong to agree to the request of the US delegation to visit China as a reference for foreign policy decisions. Through the influence of the media on public opinion, the Nixon administration of the United States tested the reaction of the people to the American policy of easing China, so that its policy towards China could be carried out smoothly. Under the promotion of ping-pong diplomacy, Sino-US relations broke the ice and moderated rapidly, and diplomatic relations were finally established. While learning its reference significance from ping-pong diplomacy, we should also see the particularity and limitation of the role played by the media in ping-pong diplomacy, which was determined by the international and domestic environment and the demand for interests at that time.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D871.2;D822.3
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