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第一次石油危机期间的美国与沙特阿拉伯关系研究(1973-1974)

发布时间:2019-06-25 18:26
【摘要】:第四次中东战争期间,美国偏袒以色列的政策引发沙特阿拉伯的强烈不满,在沙特的带领下,阿拉伯产油国对美国实行石油禁运。石油禁运期间,美沙关系一度陷入低谷。然而,石油禁运并没有导致两国关系的破裂。石油禁运解除后,美国与沙特加强合作,两国间的相互依赖程度不断加深,这在一定程度上排除了沙特再次使用石油武器的可能。 本文主要对第一次石油危机期间的美国与沙特关系加以考察,利用相关的外交档案并借鉴已有的研究成果,梳理石油禁运前后两国关系由紧张到对抗再到恢复、强化的发展脉络。在文章中,笔者尝试说明以下问题:首先,沙特对美国实施石油禁运体现了它的伊斯兰宗教属性,同时,沙特也试图通过石油禁运扩大其在阿拉伯世界的影响力。其次,石油禁运迫使美国对中东政策进行适当调整,加快了它推动阿以和谈的步伐。再次,在解除石油禁运的过程中,沙特必须权衡其与美国及与阿拉伯世界的关系,沙特极力避免单独对美国解除禁运以防止被阿拉伯世界孤立。最后,石油禁运解除后,美国与沙特关系的修复与强化主要基于两国在石油和安全方面的共同利益。 总之,纵观美国与沙特关系的发展历程,两国在能源领域的利益具有互补性,在安全方面拥有共同利益,这是双方关系平稳发展的基础。然而,在阿以问题上的分歧与矛盾一直是制约两国关系发展的不确定因素,两国在该问题上时有摩擦,甚至引发双边关系危机。但从整体上看,美国与沙特的共同利益大于双方的分歧,两国关系仍将在动态变化中稳定发展。
[Abstract]:During the fourth Middle East War, the United States' policy of favouritism towards Israel aroused strong dissatisfaction in Saudi Arabia, and under the leadership of Saudi Arabia, Arab oil-producing countries imposed an oil embargo on the United States. During the oil embargo, relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia once fell into a trough. However, the oil embargo has not led to the breakdown of relations between the two countries. After the lifting of the oil embargo, the United States and Saudi Arabia strengthened cooperation, and the interdependence between the two countries is deepening, which to some extent ruled out the possibility of Saudi Arabia using oil weapons again. This paper mainly investigates the relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia during the first oil crisis, makes use of the relevant diplomatic archives and draws lessons from the existing research results, and combs the development of the relations between the two countries from tension to confrontation to recovery before and after the oil embargo. In this paper, the author tries to explain the following issues: first, the Saudi oil embargo against the United States reflects its Islamic religious attribute, and Saudi Arabia also tries to expand its influence in the Arab world through the oil embargo. Second, the oil embargo forced the United States to make appropriate adjustments to its Middle East policy and accelerated its push for Arab-Israeli peace talks. Third, in the process of lifting the oil embargo, Saudi Arabia must weigh its relations with the United States and with the Arab world, and Saudi Arabia is trying to avoid lifting the embargo against the United States alone in order to prevent isolation from the Arab world. Finally, after the lifting of the oil embargo, the repair and strengthening of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia are mainly based on the common interests of the two countries in oil and security. In a word, throughout the development of relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia, the interests of the two countries in the field of energy are complementary and have common interests in terms of security, which is the basis for the steady development of bilateral relations. However, the differences and contradictions on the Arab-Israeli issue have always been an uncertain factor restricting the development of relations between the two countries, and the two countries have had frictions on this issue and even triggered a crisis in bilateral relations. However, on the whole, the common interests of the United States and Saudi Arabia are greater than the differences between the two sides, and the relations between the two countries will continue to develop steadily in the course of dynamic changes.
【学位授予单位】:华中师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:D871.2;D838.4

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