农民工的打工体验与土家族婚嫁习俗的变迁

发布时间：2018-01-18 13:09

本文关键词：农民工的打工体验与土家族婚嫁习俗的变迁　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个少数民族众多的国度,各民族在历史的长河中形成了多姿多彩的民族文化,是民族价值观和智慧的结晶。优秀的传统文化是各民族自强不息的精神追求和精神财富,大力弘扬民族优秀文化,有利于构建先进的社会主义文化和民族共有的精神家园。随着经济全球化,世界不同民族和地区之间的交流与互动愈来愈频繁,文化的冲突已成为一个全球性的现象。在这一过程中,如何顺应历史潮流,祛除文化糟粕,吸取文化精华,促进各民族的共同繁荣成为全球关注的话题之一。生活在武陵山区的世居民族——土家族,顺应当地的自然环境,为了生存和发展,用自己的双手和汗水创造出来了独具特色的民族习俗文化。在漫长的历史发展中,土家族在吸收其他民族文化的同时,仍然保持着自身独具个性的民族习俗文化,与人们的日常生活如影随形,它承载着土家族的价值取向,影响着人们的生活和生产方式,即使在进入现代社会后,其灿烂的土家文化仍然充满生机和活力。随着我国社会转型的深入,大量的农村人口摆脱土地的束缚只身来到城市工作,打破了城乡封闭的格局,使原本封闭的土家社会与外界的交流不断增多,民族习俗文化的各个方面也在发生着潜移默化的变迁,对民族习俗文化变迁前后的描述,以及对其变迁深层次原因的分析,成为民族习俗文化研究的重要课题,对我国传统文化和农村社会的现代化具有重要的现实意义。文章从农民工和土家族婚嫁习俗入手,在流动人口和文化变迁的理论指导下,分层次描述土家族婚嫁习俗的各个方面及其意义；初步探讨土家族婚嫁习俗的变迁；深入分析农民工的打工体验是如何带来土家族婚嫁习俗文化的变迁的,以及在其变迁中上代人与下代人、亲属之间、亲家之间的态度和行动。希望通过对以上几个方面的阐述和分析,进一步了解传统土家族婚嫁习俗文化,以及农民工对农村传统习俗文化的影响。具体而言,本文共分为六个部分：第一部分,导论部分。综述目前已有的研究成果,提出本研究的背景和意义,运用文化变迁理论,提出本研究的理论研究视角。第二部分,详细叙述传统土家族婚嫁习俗的形式以及所蕴含的深刻意义。立足于当地土家族的婚嫁习俗,将贯穿于整个婚嫁的习俗概括为以“歌”传情,以“乐”添喜,以“物”寓意,以“礼”达意,以“忌”诉愿。第三部分,描述当代土家族婚嫁习俗的变化,对其变迁的原因分析埋下伏笔。随着社会的发展,当地婚嫁习俗也发生了深刻的变化,不仅婚礼举办的时间、地点,婚礼用品在随着整个社会的变化而变化,更重要的是其“以歌传情达意”意义的流失,同时,随着农民工的城乡流动,土家族婚嫁的价值观念和社会功能都有了深刻的变化。第四部分,运用文化变迁理论剖析土家族婚嫁习俗的变迁。农民工的打工体验为当地带来了先进的生产技术和生产工具,变革了农产品的种植结构,动摇了农村传统生产生活习俗,农民工的城市工作造成了他们在当地人际交往中劳动力的“缺席”,为新技术新工具的引进打下了基础。从另一方面来说,农民工作为农村传统文化的文化传承者之一,长时间的缺席,使传统习俗文化的传承出现了严重断层,而其城市的打工体验,又使其成为城市现代文化入侵到农村的重要载体,扩大了其传播路径。第五部分,婚嫁习俗变迁中的社会关系。随着现代文化的深入,人们摆脱传统文化的桎梏,转变价值观念,出现平等、自由、和谐的人际交往局面,人们的社会行动呈现价值合理性和工具合理性的统一、情感与现代性的互构。从另一方面来说,婚嫁仪式为加强社会关系的亲密程度具有重要的积极作用。第六部分,作出总结。本研究认为,农村人口流动加速了土家族婚嫁习俗文化的变迁,有利于农村社会的现代化。
[Abstract]:China is a country with many ethnic groups of the country, each nation has formed a colorful ethnic culture in history, is the crystallization of national values and wisdom. Excellent traditional culture is the spirit of unremitting self-improvement pursuit of ethnic and spiritual wealth, and vigorously promote national culture, is conducive to the building of an advanced socialist culture and national common spiritual home. Along with the economic globalization, more and more communication and interaction between different ethnic groups and regions of the world more frequently, the cultural conflict has become a global phenomenon. In this process, how to conform to the historical trend, dispel the dross, absorb the essence of culture, promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups has become one of the world's a topic of concern.
Life in the mountains of Wuling ethnic minority, Tujia, adapt to the local natural environment, in order to survive and develop, with their own hands and sweat to create a unique ethnic customs and culture. In the long history of development, while the absorption of other ethnic culture of Tujia nationality, still maintains its own unique personality of the nation customs and culture, and people's daily life as the shadow follows the form it carries the value orientation, Tujia, affects people's way of life and production, even in the modern society, its splendid Tujia culture is still full of vigor and vitality.
With the transformation of our society deeply, restricting the number of rural population to get rid of the land came to the city to work, has broken the pattern of urban and rural areas, which closed Tujia social exchanges with the outside world is increasing, all aspects of national customs culture also changes in a subtle, the national customs and cultural changes the description and analysis of the change of the deep-seated reasons, become an important research subject of national culture, has important practical significance for Chinese traditional culture and the modernization of the rural society.
This article from the migrant workers and the marriage customs of Tujia nationality, on the basis of theory of floating population and cultural change, hierarchical describe aspects and significance of Tujia marriage customs; preliminary study on changes of Tujia marriage customs; in-depth analysis of the migrant workers work experience is how to bring changes of Tujia marriage customs and culture, and between the previous generation in its change and the next generation of people, relatives, relatives between attitude and action. Hope that through the discussion and analysis of the above aspects, to further understand the traditional marriage customs of Tujia culture, and the influence of traditional culture on the rural migrant workers.
Specifically, this article is divided into six parts:
The first part is the introduction. It summarizes the existing research results, and puts forward the background and significance of this research. Based on the theory of cultural change, it puts forward the theoretical research perspective of this research.
The second part describes the traditional Tujia marriage customs form and contains profound significance. Based on the local Tujia marriage customs, throughout the entire marriage customs summed up as "song" teaser "music" to add joy, "" meaning, "ceremony" to express, "avoid" appeal.
The third part describes the changes of contemporary Tujia marriage customs, analysis the reason of the changes foreshadowed. With the development of society, the local custom of marriage has undergone profound changes, not only the wedding, wedding supplies in place, with the changes of the whole society and change, more important is the song "express" the loss of meaning, at the same time, with the development of urban and rural migrant workers, Tujia marriage values and social functions have a profound change.
The fourth part, based on the theory of culture change analysis of changes of Tujia marriage customs. Migrant workers working experience with advanced production technology and production tools for the local, the change of planting structure of agricultural products, has shaken the traditional rural production and living customs, migrant workers in the city caused them in local interpersonal relationships in the "Absence" of labor the foundation for the introduction, new technology and new tools. On the other hand, migrant workers as one of the cultural heritage of traditional rural culture, the absence of a long time, the traditional custom of the cultural heritage of a serious fault, and the city's work experience, and make it become an important carrier of modern cultural invasion to the city in rural areas, expanding its propagation path.
The fifth part, marriage customs in the change of social relations. With the development of modern culture in depth, people get rid of the shackles of traditional culture, change the values of freedom, equality, appear, harmonious interpersonal situation, the actions of people showing the unity of value rationality and instrumental rationality, mutual emotion and Modernity. On the other hand for the wedding ceremony has an important positive role for strengthening the closeness of social relations.
The sixth part makes a summary. This study holds that the rural population flow accelerates the change of Tujia marriage customs and culture and is conducive to the modernization of the rural society.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D412.6;K892.22

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