新疆阿瓦提县非遗刀郎木卡姆传承人生存状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:12

本文选题：刀郎木卡姆 + 传承人　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刀郎文化有着悠久的历史,新疆阿瓦提县便是刀郎文化的发祥地之一。刀郎木卡姆孕育在刀郎文化之中,它是民族艺术瑰宝,是维吾尔族文化、艺术的宝贵财富。刀郎木卡姆将刀郎地区流传的维吾尔族民谣进行传唱,将人们日常生活中的喜怒哀乐融入唱词里,用音乐的曲调,真挚的感情,高亢粗犷的嗓音唱出来,以表现出刀郎维吾尔族人的心情和社会生活,它的地域文化特征明显,所以深受群众喜爱,在人际往来的群体性活动中,如:传统节日、婚丧嫁娶等庆典,刀郎木卡姆是必不可少的。刀郎木卡姆和刀郎人的出生、成长、死亡息息相关,它伴随着每一个刀郎人,然而刀郎木卡姆的传承具有社会性和松散性的特征,民间传承人进行艺术传承大多以“口传心授”为传承方式,且它的表演方式大都是即兴表演,因此,学习刀郎木卡姆不仅需要勤奋,还需要音乐天赋,刀郎木卡姆学起来很累、很辛苦、很费劲,耐不住性子的话是学不了的,培养一个徒弟至少要5年才能上台演出。而且,随着物质生活水平的不断提升,学习刀郎木卡姆收入低、经济效益低,故大多数人都对其感兴趣却并不愿意学习。近年来,刀郎木卡姆艺术传承人面临老龄化、后继无人、生活得不到保障等一系列问题,如今,能够完整演唱刀郎木卡姆的艺人,已经屈指可数,为数不多的几位老艺人年事已高,这项传统艺术濒临失传。本文采用文献研究、实地访谈刀郎木卡姆传承人及相关部门人员、传承人个案分析等方法,以阿瓦提县非遗刀郎木卡姆传承人生存状况为主要调查对象,通过实地走访、调研,了解他们的生存环境、生存现状和艺术传承状况,通过综合分析,发现阿瓦提县非遗刀郎木卡姆传承人生存状况存在传承人生存压力大、传承人不足、政府保护力度不够、传承人文化水平不高、传承人结构失衡、难以带来经济效益、传承结构单一、传承观念守旧等问题。针对这些问题,笔者从政策保护、传承保护、开发保护三个方面具体提出了有针对性的有效的解决办法,以加强对刀郎木卡姆传承人的保护和探索新的发展渠道。
[Abstract]:Dao Lang culture has a long history, Xinjiang Awati County is one of the birthplace of Dao Lang culture. Mukam was conceived in the culture of Dao Lang, which is the treasure of national art and the precious wealth of Uygur culture and art. Mukam sang the Uygur folk songs circulating in the Dagorang region, and put the daily life of people's joys, sorrows and sorrows into the singing words, singing them with musical tunes, sincere feelings, and a high and rugged voice. In order to show the mood and social life of the Dailang Uighur people, its regional and cultural characteristics are obvious, so it is deeply loved by the masses. In the group activities of interpersonal exchanges, such as traditional festivals, marriage and funeral, and other celebrations, Mulkam is indispensable. Mukam is closely related to the birth, growth and death of the Dao Lang people. It is accompanied by every Dao Lang people. However, the inheritance of the Dao Lang Mukam has the characteristics of social and loose. Most of the folk inheritors pass on art through oral instruction, and most of its performances are impromptu performances. Therefore, learning from Dailang Mukam requires not only hard work, but also a talent for music, which is very hard to learn. Very hard, very hard, can not bear to learn to learn, to train a apprentice at least 5 years to perform on stage. Moreover, with the improvement of material standard of living, Moran Mukam has low income and low economic benefit, so most people are interested in it but do not want to learn. In recent years, the art inheritors of Dao Lang Mukam have been faced with a series of problems, such as the aging, the lack of successors and the lack of security of life. Now, there are only a handful of artists who have been able to complete the singing of Mukam. A few old artists are very old, and the traditional art is on the verge of being lost. This paper adopts the methods of literature research, field interviews with the personnel of the related departments and related departments, case analysis of the inheritors, taking the living conditions of the non-Yi Lang Muqam inheritors in Awati County as the main object of investigation, through field visits, research, and so on. To understand their living environment, living conditions and artistic inheritance, through comprehensive analysis, we find that the survival conditions of the non-Yi Lang Muqam inheritors in Awati County are under great pressure for the inheritors to survive, the inheritors are inadequate, and the government protection efforts are insufficient. The cultural level of inheritors is not high, the structure of inheritors is out of balance, it is difficult to bring economic benefits, the structure of inheritance is single, the concept of inheritance is old-fashioned and so on. Aiming at these problems, the author puts forward specific and effective solutions from three aspects of policy protection, inheritance protection and development protection, in order to strengthen the protection of the inheritors and explore new development channels.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G127

【参考文献】