文化自由与多元和谐反思民族主义多元文化论

发布时间：2018-05-13 21:37

本文选题：多元文化主义 + 民族主义　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：民族主义多元文化论认为,民族是文化的唯一主体。多元文化社会应只以内部各个独立的民族板块为多元文化单位。但这个观点从其理论本身和实践效果来看,存在着许多难以避免的矛盾和局限性。在民族国家模式普遍确立的今天,一波波席卷全球的民族主义浪潮正日益威胁着许多多民族国家的政治统一与社会和谐。因此,有必要对建立在民族主义理念之上的多元文化论进行一番深入的分析、反思和批判,并建构出一个以人为本,尊重主体文化自由与文化个性以及肯定文化交流价值的多元文化理论,以更好地实现多元文化社会的和谐与稳定。本文主要包括四个部分。第一章,通过对比分析族群本位的民族主义多元文化论与个人本位的自由主义多元文化论,论证了文化真正的基本主体是具体的个人。文化多元化的价值必须取决于其产生和维持的方式,应当在尽量确保主体享有文化自由选择权利的前提下,弘扬多元文化主义。第二章,论述了民族主义多元文化理论自我矛盾和脱离事实的几种表现：指出民族主义多元文化论宣称民族文化的区别是绝对的,但它选择区隔的文化标准却因对象的不同而是相对的。它对外强调文化是多元的,却对自己内部推行同一性的做法习以为常。它相信民族文化特色是古老的,但有些却是它自己发明的传统。它对外总是呼吁尊重不同族群群体性的宗教自由,却在普世宗教民族化的操作中从不关心个体的宗教信仰自由。它经常把某一时期出现的文化现象看成是永恒和纯净的,但又恐惧文化的自然扩散和融合变迁会破坏掉它对纯净族性永恒神话的想象。第三章,论证了民族主义多元文化论通过诉诸单一文化身份归类和主张建立以社群为基础的排他性自治政府等制度安排把民族文化之间的差异人为固化下来的专断做法,既无视了文化之间普遍联系与交流融合的客观实际,也严重干扰了主体的文化自由,很容易产生出事实上的文化“隔离”,进而诱发文化群体之间的对立与冲突。第四章,利用文化“模因”概念对文化的传播、竞争与融合进行了模因学分析,并阐释了民族主义模因复合体的复制策略。最后论证了个体具有的多重文化身份所形成的多种文化团体成员间穿插交错的复杂联系对多元社会的差异整合所起到的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Nationalism multiculturalism holds that nationality is the only subject of culture. Multiculturalism society should only take each independent national plate as the multiculturalism unit. However, from the view of its theory and practice, there are many unavoidable contradictions and limitations. With the establishment of the nation-state model, a wave of nationalism sweeping the world is increasingly threatening the political unity and social harmony of many multi-ethnic countries. Therefore, it is necessary to make a deep analysis, reflect and criticize the multiculturalism based on nationalism, and construct a people-oriented theory. In order to realize the harmony and stability of the multicultural society, we should respect the cultural freedom and cultural personality of the subject and affirm the multicultural theory of cultural exchange value. This paper mainly includes four parts. In the first chapter, by comparing the ethnic group-based nationalism multiculturalism theory with the individual-oriented liberalism multiculturalism theory, the author proves that the real basic subject of culture is the concrete individual. The value of cultural pluralism must depend on the way in which it is produced and maintained, and multiculturalism should be carried forward on the premise that the subject enjoys the right of free choice of culture as far as possible. The second chapter discusses several manifestations of nationalism multiculturalism: it points out that nationalism multiculturalism proclaims that the difference of national culture is absolute. However, the cultural standards of its choice are relative to each other because of the different objects. It emphasizes that culture is pluralistic, but it takes it for granted to promote identity within itself. It believes that national cultural characteristics are ancient, but some are its own invention of tradition. It always calls for respect for religious freedom of different ethnic groups, but never cares about individual freedom of religious belief in the operation of universal religion nationalization. It often regards the cultural phenomenon in a certain period as eternal and pure, but it fears that the natural diffusion and fusion of culture will destroy its imagination of the eternal myth of pure clan. The third chapter demonstrates the arbitrary practice of nationalistic multiculturalism to artificially solidify the differences between national cultures by resorting to the classification of monocultural identity and advocating the establishment of an exclusive autonomous government based on the community. It not only ignores the objective reality of the general connection and communication between cultures, but also seriously interferes with the cultural freedom of the subject, which easily leads to the "isolation" of culture, which leads to the antagonism and conflict among cultural groups. In the fourth chapter, we use the concept of "meme" to analyze the propagation, competition and integration of culture, and explain the strategies of replicating the nationalist meme complex. Finally, the paper demonstrates the important role of the interlaced and complicated connection between the members of the multi-cultural group, which is formed by the multi-cultural identity of the individual, to the integration of the diversity of the pluralistic society.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G03

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