清中期城市社会的差序格局——以北京旗人日记《闲窗录梦》中丧葬礼俗实践为例

发布时间：2018-06-16 19:49

本文选题：城市社会 + 差序格局　；参考：《西北民族研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：许多学者在理解中国社会的当代转型时,将费孝通的差序格局理论视为"传统"社会的写照,现实情况与差序格局理论不相符,被视为"现代"与"传统"的差异。而本文通过分析清中期北京旗人日记《闲窗录梦》中记载的葬礼活动,发现在这样一个"传统"的城市社会中,人际关系模式只是大体遵循差序格局的原则,人际交往的核心层不完全由血缘和地缘关系决定,市民通过拟亲属称谓构建自己的直系亲属层。而同心圆的格局也在相当程度上被社会身份分层与经济地位分层所打破,变成锯齿状模式,这与学者们在现代社会中观察到的现象非常近似。同时,葬礼也是社会关系动态重组的重要时机。这提醒我们,描述中国社会的当代变迁时,必须首先明确"传统""现代"与"城市化"等系列概念的内涵,以往我们认为属于从"传统"到"现代"的变化,可能只是"传统"本身从乡土到城市的变化。
[Abstract]:In understanding the contemporary transformation of Chinese society, many scholars regard Fei Xiaotong's theory of differential order pattern as a portrayal of "traditional" society. The reality does not accord with the theory of "differential order pattern" and is regarded as the difference between "modern" and "traditional". By analyzing the funeral activities recorded in the diary of Beijing flag people in the middle of Qing Dynasty, the author finds out that in such a "traditional" urban society, the interpersonal relationship pattern is only generally followed by the principle of "different order pattern". The core layer of interpersonal communication is not entirely determined by blood relationship and geographical relationship, and citizens construct their immediate kinship layer by pseudo kinship appellation. The pattern of concentric circle is also broken by the stratification of social identity and economic status to a certain extent and becomes a zigzag pattern which is very similar to the phenomenon observed by scholars in modern society. At the same time, funeral is also an important opportunity for the dynamic reorganization of social relations. This reminds us that when describing the contemporary changes in Chinese society, we must first clarify the connotation of the series of concepts such as "tradition", "modernity" and "urbanization", which we considered to be a change from "tradition" to "modern" in the past. It may be just a change in the "tradition" itself from the countryside to the city.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学中国社会管理研究院、社会学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“清代以来北京民间信仰与城市空间研究”(项目批准号:15CZJ020)的成果
【分类号】：I207.62;K892.22

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