襄阳民俗穿天节研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:44

本文选题：民俗文化 + 襄阳　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：襄阳地处我国内陆腹心,水陆交通便利,经济文化发达,具有地带优势,历史上屡为区域政治文化中心,东西南北文化交汇之地,也是许多民俗文化滋生发育的温床。襄阳民俗文化兼具楚地的多彩与唯美,北地民俗的粗犷豪迈,给我们留下许多光辉灿烂的非物质文化遗产,襄阳民俗“穿天节”就是典型。在襄阳,“穿天节”是地域流传非常广泛、具有浓厚的襄阳地域特色,群众参与度很高的民俗节日。“穿天节”是古代襄阳城在华夏南北广大区域内流行的“天穿节”民俗的影响基础上,结合地处汉水中游独特的地理环境资源以及襄阳神秘浪漫的汉水女神的神话传说而逐渐融汇形成的。襄阳“穿天节”民俗的文化背景就是女娲补天的创世神话、《诗经·汉广》诗中的“游女”传说和汉水女神逢郑交甫,赠佩珠以定情的“穿天情”传说。《韩诗内传》将《汉广》男主角一改为郑交甫,以带有戏剧性的故事情节改写扩充《汉广》诗,渲染游女的飘渺与抒情,使得《汉广》文雅化,浪漫化。继《韩诗内传》后,刘向《列仙传》进而把周昭王的两位妃子延娟、延娱附会为汉水女神,此即为后人深信不疑的“汉水女神”之原型。襄阳百姓为纪念此事,较早于汉代始,在每年的正月二十日白发集中在汉水泛舟,以纪念汉水女神；沿江捡拾穿天石,系上红丝带佩戴于额际以祈子求福。汉以后,华夏南北其他地域流行的“天穿节”也在襄阳南北交会地带流行,襄阳“穿天节”民俗文化内涵与各地“天穿节”节日民俗有重叠之处,而襄阳特有的穿天石和汉水女神及泛舟嬉戏等民俗活动融合天穿节的许多信仰和民俗,遂逐步演变为襄阳本土的穿天节。两宋间庄绰在《鸡肋编》首次明确记载襄阳“穿天节”民俗盛会,表明襄阳民俗“穿天节”不仅正式形成,而且在北宋盛极一时,形成了独具特色的节日仪式、民俗符号和文化内涵。“穿天节”以每年农历的正月二十一日为固定日期,包括祭祀汉水女神、泛舟踏青、汉水采石等民俗活动。传统“穿天节”蕴含了襄阳人的生殖崇拜、水崇拜与性崇拜、石头崇拜与楚地巫风盛行等文化遗传密码。“穿天节”在南宋以后受战争和其他节日民俗即“元宵节”与襄阳“二月二龙抬头日”祭奠真武大帝的民俗的双重挤压而式微。1000多年后,“穿天节”在襄阳复兴,成为襄阳市大型群体性户外踏青郊游娱乐的休闲节日,其传统民俗发生较大变迁。“穿天节”民俗的古代程式为移会江滨-汉水泛舟-寻找穿天石-红丝串石-佩石额际等：穿天节的当代程式为：开幕式-宣读《保卫汉江母亲河》誓言-汉江喊彩歌-捡拾穿天石-穿天石展览-老襄阳民俗文化展演-《乐和穿天节》、《情定穿天节》等文艺演出-傩面舞、舞龙舞狮等群众性表演等。当代穿天节程式有对传统的再发明,足见经过历代发展演变,逐渐形成文化底蕴深厚,地域特色鲜明的民俗文化传统。当代“穿天节”节日的主题是以公共活动的方式实现社区群众之间的文化需求与精神需求之间的沟通与协调。传统“穿天节”传承方式主要是通过襄阳人的代代口传记忆与俗信活动来完成的。全媒体时代,襄阳“穿天节”的载体日益丰富和多元化,“穿天节”节庆活动呈现鲜明融合性特征,主要表现为：节日民俗展演的融合性、节日文化内涵的融合性、活动参与者的融合性及文化民俗活动与商业经济活动的融合性。“穿天节”的民俗资源价值在当代社会生活具有巨大功用,“穿天节”信物“穿天石”是襄阳人尤其是女同胞追求幸福生活的象征性吉祥物；“穿天节”内蕴的神话传说展示了北楚文化中浪漫与神秘的巫风习俗；穿天节故事的源发地万山集中了老襄阳众多的民俗文化；穿天节的传统程式隐含着人与天地的和谐相处的环保理念。穿天节的周期性上演可以让人们反复重温襄阳传统,成为襄阳传统文化储存与延续的重要载体,为现代文化襄阳的继承与创新提供了重要切入点；现代社会下,襄阳“穿天节”具有“兴观群怨”等多样功能。“穿天节”被赋予了时代的特色,定位为大型群体性户外民俗活动,她的狂欢仪式的社会教化和娱乐功能日益凸出。“穿天节”民俗焕发新的生活能量,可以展示襄阳独特的历史文化内涵,传承襄阳文化,建设文化襄阳；让襄阳人重新领略“穿天节”传统民俗的文化创造智慧,对襄阳构建和谐社会建设,实现社会主义核心价值观具有重要意义。襄阳大力弘扬“穿天节”民俗对于增强民俗节日在襄阳经济社会发展尤其是旅游业的发展能起到文化引领作用。在市场和旅游的双重作用下,来自民间的“穿天节”民俗在现代城市文化品牌建设过程中将会产生聚焦效应。
[Abstract]:Xiangyang is located in the interior of our country, the land and the land are convenient, the economy and the culture are developed, and the regional political and cultural center is the center of the regional politics and culture. The cultural intersection of the East and the west is also the hotbed of the development of many folklore cultures. The folk culture of Xiangyang has the multi color and beauty of the Chu land and the rugged and bold folk custom of the north. Many splendid non material cultural heritage, Xiangyang folk custom "wear Day Festival" is the typical. In Xiangyang, "wear Day Festival" is a very widespread regional spread, with a strong regional characteristics of Xiangyang, the mass participation is very high folk festival. "Wearing heaven Festival" is the ancient Xiangyang city in the northern and southern regions of China in the northern and southern regions of the "day wear" people. On the basis of the influence of vulgarity, combined with the unique geographical and environmental resources in the middle of the Han River and the myths and legends of the mysterious and romantic Hanshui goddess in Xiangyang, the cultural background of "wearing heaven Festival" in Xiangyang is the creation myth of Nu Wa to complement the sky, the legend of "swimming women" in Book of Songs, Han Guang and the goddess of Hanshui. The legends of "wearing heaven" with the gift of the Pearl in order to fix the love. "Han Guang > the hero of Han Guang > is changed to Zheng Jiaofu, with a dramatic story to rewrite the expansion < Han Guang > poetry, exaggerate the ethereal and lyric of the women, make the Han Guang > elegance and romance. After < Han poetry >, the two concubines Yan Juan of Zhou Zhao Wang, then, are extended, and then the princess of Zhou Zhao's concubine Yan Juan is extended. Xiangyang people, earlier in the Han Dynasty, concentrated in the Han Shui boat to commemorate the Hanshui goddess, in commemoration of the Hanshui goddess, in commemoration of the Hanshui goddess, picking up the stone along the river and wearing the red silk belt on the forehead to pray for blessing. After Han, the north and South China after the Han Dynasty. The popular "day wearing Festival" popular in other regions is also popular in Xiangyang north and South rendezvous zone, and the cultural connotation of "wearing heaven Festival" in Xiangyang overlaps with the "day festival" festival folklore, while Xiangyang's unique folk custom of wearing Tianshi and Hanshui goddess and boat play and other folklore has gradually evolved into Xiang. In the two Song Dynasty, Zhuang Chuang Chang Chuang in the "chicken ribs book" first clearly recorded the Xiangyang "wear Day Festival" Folk Festival, indicating that the Xiangyang folk custom "day festival" not only formally formed, but also flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty, forming unique festival ceremonies, folk symbols and cultural connotations. "Wearing heaven Festival" on the first lunar month of the year twenty-one days. For the fixed date, including the worship of the Hanshui goddess, the boat cycling, the Han Shui quarrying, the traditional "day festival" contains the cultural genetic code of Xiangyang people's reproduction worship, water worship and sex worship, stone worship and the popularity of the Chu land witch wind. After the double extrusion of the folk custom of giving a memorial to the real Wu Emperor by the "February second dragon head up day", the "wear Day Festival" was revived in Xiangyang and became a large group outdoor outing entertainment in Xiangyang. Its traditional folklore has undergone great changes. The ancient program for "day festival" folk custom is to find the riverside - Hanshui River in Xiangyang. The modern program for wearing Tianshi - red silk string stone and pestone: opening ceremony: opening ceremony - reading "guard Han River Mother River > vow" - Hanjiang yelling Song - picking up the Tianshi - Tianshi Exhibition - old Xiangyang folk culture exhibition - music and day festival, "love for heaven Festival >" and other literary performances - Nuo noodles dance, dragon and lion dance, and so on. The day festival program has the reinventions of the tradition, the development and evolution of the past dynasties, and the gradual formation of the folk culture tradition with profound cultural background and distinctive regional characteristics. The theme of the contemporary "day through festival" Festival is to realize the communication and coordination between the cultural needs and spiritual needs among the community masses by the way of public activities. The way to inherit the festival is accomplished mainly through the Xiangyang people's generation of oral and vulgar letters. In the full media era, the carrier of "wearing Tian Jie" in Xiangyang is increasingly rich and diversified. The festival of "wearing heaven Festival" shows distinct characteristics, mainly as the fusion of festival folklore exhibition and the fusion of cultural connotation of the festival. The integration of active participants and the fusion of cultural folklore activities and commercial economic activities. The value of "wearing heaven Festival" has great function in contemporary social life. "Wearing Tianshi" "wearing Tianshi" is a symbolic mascot for the people of Xiangyang, especially women, in pursuit of happiness. It shows the romantic and mysterious custom of witchcraft in the culture of northern Chu, and Wanshan, the source of the day festival, concentrates the many folk culture of old Xiangyang, and the traditional program in the day festival implies the environmental concept of harmony between people and the world. The periodic performance of the day festival can make people repeat the tradition of Xiangyang repeatedly and become the traditional text of Xiangyang. The important carrier of storage and continuity has provided an important entry point for the inheritance and innovation of modern culture in Xiangyang. In modern society, Xiangyang's "day festival" has various functions such as "prosperity and grievances". "Wearing heaven Festival" is endowed with the characteristics of the times, located as a large group of folk custom activities outside the household, the social enlightenment of her Carnival ritual and The entertainment function is becoming more and more protruding. The folk custom of "wearing the day" radiate new life energy, can display the unique historical and cultural connotation of Xiangyang, inherit Xiangyang culture, build cultural Xiangyang, let Xiangyang people re appreciate the cultural creation wisdom of "wear Day Festival" traditional folk custom, build a harmonious society and realize the socialist core values in Xiangyang. It is of great significance to carry forward the folk custom of "day through festival" in Xiangyang, which will play a cultural leading role in enhancing the economic and social development, especially in the development of tourism in Xiangyang. Under the dual role of market and tourism, the folk custom of "wearing the sky festival" will focus on the construction of modern city culture brand. Effect.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K892.1

【参考文献】