宁南及陇东地区回族表话仪式研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 13:32

【摘要】：表话仪式是流行于宁南及陇东地区回族的一种传统仪式,这一仪式由专门的人,即满拉或阿訇用通俗流畅的语言组织成具有一定节奏和韵脚的句子,用类似快板的形式展演出来。表话仪式涉及的场景有婚礼、搬请阿訇、阿訇穿衣、割礼、丧葬等。随着宁南及陇东地区回族文化水平的提高,表话仪式的内容和形式也发生着变化。本文通过对宁夏西吉、海原、泾源、同心以及甘肃平凉等地的调查,着重从表话仪式的兴起、特点和功能等方面进行了阐述和归纳。笔者认为,宁南及陇东地区回族表话仪式具有社会成员交往功能、教育功能和身份认同功能,并具有鲜明的地域和教派特征。全文从以下五部分依次展开论述：第一部分主要追溯表话仪式的渊源,并分析其流布区域。通过阅读文献,并与其他少数民族仪式作比较,笔者认为表话仪式的兴起与“高台教化”有着密不可分的关系。然而,目前学术界对表话仪式的研究较少,所以对此仪式的渊源仍有待考究。第二部分主要是对表话仪式涉及的不同场景进行分类,认为表话仪式在不同历史时期有不同的内容与形式,而且表话仪式的内容、形式与不同历史时期人们物质文化水平有着密切的关系。第三部分主要是对表话仪式特点及其功能进行分析。表话仪式较其它宣教形式,有通俗、易懂、易记的优势,所以在宗教活动中向教众传授教义、教法时,教众容易接受。同时,表话仪式的功能使得表话仪式在伊斯兰教发展和传播中起到了一定的作用。第四部分是对表话仪式传承人及传承方式进行梳理。传统经堂教育将表话作为其教学内容之一,这是表话仪式得以延续的主要原因。但是伴随现代化伊斯兰教育机构的出现,传统经堂教育方式的革新,使得回族传统文化难以延续。虽然,现代化伊斯兰教育机构承担着培养伊斯兰教传承人的角色,却无法起到传统文化传承的作用,民间具有价值的传统文化后继无人。第五部分主要对表话仪式的消褪原因进行了分析。表话仪式的消褪同人们忙于生计而用之于仪式的时间大大紧缩有关,也同表话流行地区的生活环境、生活水平等有密切关系。“文革”中表话被视为宗教活动而被迫停止,“文革”结束后,表话仪式内容与形式也发生了较大变化,甚至在一些地区这一仪式已不再流传。表话仪式的消褪影响到宁南及陇东地区回族传统文化的继承和延续。综上所述,表话仪式作为伊斯兰文化传播的媒介之一,对回族传统文化的保护和发展有很大影响。作为宁南及陇东地区回族人情世故的表达方式,其在日常生活和宗教生活中有重要作用。基于此,笔者认为宁南及陇东地区回族传统表话仪式值得保留和发扬。
[Abstract]:The ritual of expressing words is a kind of traditional ritual popular among Hui people in south Ningxia and Longdong. This ceremony is organized into sentences with certain rhythm and rhyme by special people, that is, the Manchu or imam, in popular and fluent language. Show it in a form similar to Allegro. The ceremony involves wedding, imams, circumcision, funerals and so on. With the improvement of the cultural level of Hui nationality in the south of Ningxia and the east of Gansu, the content and form of the ceremony have also changed. Based on the investigation of Xiji, Haiyuan, Jingyuan, concentric and Pingliang in Ningxia, this paper focuses on the emergence, characteristics and functions of the ritual of expressing words. The author believes that the ceremony of expressing the words of the Hui nationality in the south of Ningxia and the east of Gansu has the functions of social association, education and identity, and has distinct regional and sectarian characteristics. The first part mainly traces the origin of the ceremony and analyzes its spreading area. By reading the literature and comparing it with other rituals of ethnic minorities, the author thinks that the rise of the ritual of expressing words is closely related to "the cultivation of Gaotai". However, there are few researches on the ceremony in academic circles, so the origin of the ceremony remains to be studied. The second part mainly classifies the different scenes involved in the speech ceremony, and thinks that the speech ceremony has different contents and forms in different historical periods, and the content of the speech ceremony. The form has a close relationship with people's material and cultural level in different historical periods. The third part mainly analyzes the features and functions of speech ceremony. Compared with other forms of preaching, speech rituals have the advantages of being popular, easy to understand and easy to remember. Therefore, in religious activities, the teachings of the congregation are imparted to the congregation, and when the teaching method is taught, the congregation is easy to accept. At the same time, the function of expressing ritual makes it play a certain role in the development and spread of Islam. The fourth part is to show the ceremony of the inheritor and inheritance way to comb. The traditional Jingtang education regards the expression of language as one of its teaching contents, which is the main reason for the continuation of the ritual of expressing speech. However, with the emergence of modern Islamic educational institutions and the innovation of traditional education methods, the traditional culture of Hui nationality is difficult to continue. Although the modern Islamic educational institutions play the role of cultivating the inheritors of Islam, they cannot play the role of inheriting the traditional culture, and there is no successor to the traditional culture of folk value. The fifth part mainly analyzes the reasons for the fading of speech ceremony. The decline of speech ceremony is closely related to the time that people are busy with their livelihood and the living environment and standard of living in popular areas. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, the contents and forms of the ritual have changed greatly, even in some areas this ritual has no longer been circulated. The fading of the ceremony affects the inheritance and continuation of the traditional culture of the Hui nationality in the south of Ningxia and Longdong. To sum up, as one of the media of Islamic culture communication, the ceremony has great influence on the protection and development of the traditional culture of Hui nationality. As a way of expressing the world feelings of Hui nationality in south Ningxia and east Gansu, it plays an important role in daily life and religious life. Based on this, the author thinks that the traditional ceremony of expression of the Hui nationality in south Ningxia and Longdong is worth preserving and carrying forward.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K892.26

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