德国犹太妇女及儿童难民在英国的流亡（1933-1945）

发布时间：2018-01-22 10:49

本文关键词： 德国犹太妇女难民儿童难民英国流亡　出处：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战给人类文明、生活带来了巨大的灾难,尤其是广大的欧洲犹太人,更像是经历了一次人间炼狱。1933年,随着德国政府颁布《重设公职人员法》,所有“非雅利安”血统的犹太人被清除出行政机构。1935年的《纽伦堡法》剥夺了德国犹太人的帝国公民权,使他们沦为二等公民,并被彻底地排除在文化教育事业之外。此外,《保护德意志血统与德意志荣誉法》还禁止犹太人与非犹太人通婚,已经结合的婚姻宣布无效。犹太人在德国的生活越来越艰难,他们面临来自这个国家各个角落的袭击。这其中,作为社会弱势群体的犹太妇女及儿童承受了比其他成年人更多的伤痛,他们的学习、生活、家庭都因为纳粹掌权而发生了翻天覆地的变化。随着纳粹迫害的加重,犹太人在德国的生活日益危险,最终只能选择移民来躲避纳粹带来的生命威胁。得益于英国政府对犹太难民的有限吸收政策,部分犹太妇女及儿童成功地进入英国避难。尽管他们在英国的生活并不是一帆风顺的,甚至还承受了更多的苦难,但犹太妇女及儿童最终战胜困难,成为了这场浩劫的幸存者,有的甚至永久定居英国。他们是避难的难民,是英国民众的战友,也是英国经济文化发展的推动者,对英国做出了重大贡献。本文以历史唯物主义史观为指导,采取史论结合,理论联系实际的方法,从移民前德国犹太妇女及儿童难民的生活状况入手,以时间、事件发生的先后为顺序,通过阐述和分析英国政府对犹太妇女及儿童难民的接纳态度、犹太妇女及儿童难民在英国流亡、难民对英国的贡献,客观地反映犹太妇女及儿童难民在英国生活的各个方面。纵观全文,犹太妇女及儿童难民在英国的流亡生活是本文论述的重点,本文将分为三个不同阶段对此分别加以阐述。通过分析,本文认为,尽管英国政府的难民政策存在一些诟病,其基本立足点是利己主义,但毫无疑问,英国对犹太难民的贡献是值得肯定的。犹太妇女及儿童难民在英国的生活虽充满曲折和磨难,但得益于英国的庇佑才使他们的生命得以延续,这个意义是无法取代的。广大难民在接受英国慷慨救助的同时也对英国的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。直到今天,世界各国针对难民的制度仍旧不完善,在英国寻求庇护的儿童及妇女难民在教育、生活等方面还面临许多困难仍旧没有得到有效解决,人们应该从历史的发展中找寻经验,取长补短。
[Abstract]:World War II brought great disasters to human civilization and life, especially the vast number of European Jews, more like a human purgatory. 1933. With the enactment by the German Government of the Law on the Re-establishment of Public servants, all Jews of "non-Aryan" descent were removed from the administration. The Nuremberg Act of 1935 deprived German Jews of their imperial citizenship. They became second-class citizens and were completely excluded from cultural and educational undertakings. In addition, the Act on the Protection of German Descent and German Honor also prohibits the intermarriage of Jews and non-Jews. Married marriages have been declared null and void. Jews are facing attacks from all corners of the country as life in Germany becomes increasingly difficult. Jewish women and children, as vulnerable groups in society, suffer more pain than other adults in their studies and lives. Families have changed dramatically as a result of Nazi rule. With the increase in Nazi persecution, Jewish life in Germany has become increasingly dangerous. In the end, immigrants had to choose to avoid the threat of life posed by the Nazis, thanks to the British government's limited policy of absorbing Jewish refugees. Some Jewish women and children succeeded in taking refuge in Britain. Although their lives in Britain were not smooth and even more suffering, Jewish women and children finally overcome the difficulties. They became survivors of the disaster, and some settled permanently in Britain. They were refugees who had taken refuge, were fellow soldiers of the British people, and were the agents of British economic and cultural development, and had made a great contribution to the United Kingdom. Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper combines historical theory with practice, starting with the living conditions of the former German Jewish women and children, and taking time as the starting point. The events occurred in order, through the elaboration and analysis of the British Government's attitude towards Jewish women and children refugees, Jewish women and children refugees in exile in the United Kingdom, refugees' contribution to the United Kingdom. Objectively reflects all aspects of the life of Jewish women and children refugees in Britain. Throughout the paper, the exiled life of Jewish women and children refugees in Britain is the focus of this paper. This article will be divided into three different stages to elaborate on this. Through the analysis, this paper believes that although the British Government's refugee policy has some criticism, its basic foothold is egoism, but there is no doubt. Britain's contribution to Jewish refugees is commendable. Although the life of Jewish women and children refugees in England is full of twists and turns, but thanks to the protection of the United Kingdom to enable their lives to continue. There is no substitute for this meaning. The vast number of refugees have made indelible contributions to the development of Britain while receiving generous aid from the United Kingdom. To this day, the system for refugees in various countries of the world is still imperfect. Children and refugee women who seek asylum in Britain still face many difficulties in education and life. People should seek experience from the development of history and learn from each other.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K516

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