酒神文化视域下古希腊妇女形象地位研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 20:34

本文关键词： 古希腊酒神节妇女　出处：《西南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古希腊是人类文明的发祥地之一。古希腊文明留下了丰富的文化、艺术遗产。这些文化、艺术遗产之中,古希腊人祭祀神灵的宗教节日是最具代表性的文化遗产之一。本文立足于众多宗教节日之中的酒神节,运用历史学、心理学、政治学、宗教学和社会学等学科的相关知识和方法。笔者试探性分析了酒神崇拜活动、妇女走出家门参加酒神庆典的情况和妇女参加酒神庆典的原因。古希腊是男权社会,男性在经济、政治、军事、体育等领域拥有绝对控制力,妇女处于依附男性的地位。但是,我们不能据此认为妇女在古希腊社会中没有任何权利,她们是有权参加酒神祭祀活动的。而且,她们在祭祀活动还扮演了极为重要的角色。妇女有权参加酒神祭祀活动,这不能根本上改变她们低下社会地位的处境。但是,妇女们因为远离社会而造成的孤独感和自卑感得到了暂时的缓解和克服。本文由三个部分组成:绪论,正文,参考文献。其中正文分为三章。绪论:包括选题的缘由及选题的意义,重点概述了国内外学术界对古希腊妇女相关问题的研究情况。第一章:本章首先概述酒神崇拜从克里特文明到城邦文明期间的演变,再归纳古希腊人祭祀酒神过程中逐渐演化形成的四类节日:花月节、勒那亚节、乡村酒神节和城市酒神节。然后对四类酒神祭祀节日的基本仪式和主要内容做了陈述。第一章对古希腊妇女形象地位的研究做了范围鉴定,即从酒神文化视野下展开。第二章:本章首先从政治权利、法律独立性、财产继承权、结婚权和离婚权六个领域展开,分析古希腊妇女平日的生活状况,她们绝大部分时间不得不待在家中从事繁琐的家务劳动和履行相夫教子的职责。酒神节日来临,妇女可以走出家庭参加酒神庆典。她们平日积累的不快和烦恼被暂时地忘却,身心得到放松。酒神庆典缓解了妇女平日里的紧张情绪,丰富了她们的精神文化生活,转嫁了妇女不满男权社会的矛头,有利于古希腊社会的稳定和发展。酒神庆典的另一重大意义是孕育了古希腊戏剧艺术。妇女们走出家门观看精彩的戏剧演出。活跃宽松的戏剧创作氛围,使得妇女不仅没有被排除到戏剧文学之外,她们成为了戏剧作家创作戏剧的灵感和源泉。本章首先分析了妇女在政治权利等领域处于无权地位,这种地位与她们在酒神庆典中的狂欢形象和观赏戏剧演出的“自由自在”形象形成对比,突出酒神节对古希腊妇女的积极影响。第三章:本章试探性辨析妇女参加酒神庆典的原因。男性敬畏酒神、祈盼葡萄丰产和使自己远离庆典中的各种“危险”,他们因而吸纳妇女参加酒神节日。妇女参加酒神庆典不只是男性的推动,还有她们自身的原因。祭祀酒神是妇女不可推卸的神圣责任,她们为了追求更多的精神文化生活和扩大社会交往空间,妇女们主动参与到酒神祭祀的行列之中。
[Abstract]:Ancient Greece is one of the birthplaces of human civilization. Ancient Greek civilization has left behind rich cultural, artistic heritage. The ancient Greek religious festival to worship the gods is one of the most representative cultural heritage. This article based on many religious festivals in the Dionysus Festival, using history, psychology, political science. Related knowledge and methods of religion and sociology. The author analyzes the worship of Dionysus tentatively. The situation of women going out of the house to participate in Dionysus celebrations and the reasons for their participation. Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society in which men had absolute control in economic, political, military, sports and other fields. Women are in the position of dependence on men. However, we cannot assume that women have no right in ancient Greek society, that they have the right to participate in the worship of Dionysus... and. They also play a very important role in sacrificial activities. Women have the right to participate in the worship of wine gods, which does not fundamentally change their situation of low social status. The sense of loneliness and inferiority caused by women being away from society has been temporarily alleviated and overcome. This paper consists of three parts: introduction and text. References. The text is divided into three chapters. Introduction: including the reason of the topic and the significance of the topic. The first chapter summarizes the evolution of Dionysus worship from Crete civilization to city-state civilization. And then summed up the ancient Greeks in the process of worship Dionysus gradually evolved into four kinds of festivals: the Festival of the Flower and the Festival of Lena. Then the basic rituals and main contents of the four kinds of wine god festival were stated. The first chapter identified the scope of the study on the image status of ancient Greek women. That is, from the perspective of Dionysus culture. Chapter two: this chapter first from the political rights, legal independence, property inheritance rights, marriage rights and divorce rights in six areas, analysis of the living conditions of women in ancient Greece. Most of the time they had to stay at home to do tedious housework and perform the duties of husband and child. Dionysus holiday came. Women can go out of their homes to participate in Dionysus celebrations. Their usual accumulated unhappiness and troubles are temporarily forgotten and their bodies and minds are relaxed. The Dionysus celebration relieves women's usual tension. Enriched their spiritual and cultural life, transferred women dissatisfied with patriarchal society spearhead. It is beneficial to the stability and development of ancient Greek society. Another important significance of Dionysus celebration is that it gave birth to the ancient Greek dramatic art. Women went out to watch wonderful theatrical performances and a lively and relaxed atmosphere of theatrical creation. Not only have women not been excluded from drama literature, but they have become the inspiration and source of drama creation by drama writers. Firstly, this chapter analyzes that women have no right in political rights and other fields. This status contrasts with their carnival image in the Dionysus celebration and the "free" image of watching theatrical performances. Chapter three: this chapter is a tentative analysis of the reasons for women's participation in the Dionysus celebrations. The male reveres the Dionysus, prays for the high yield of grapes and keeps himself away from all kinds of "dangers" in the celebration. Women are not only promoted by men, but also for their own reasons. It is a sacred duty that women cannot shirk. In order to pursue more spiritual and cultural life and expand the social communication space, women actively participate in the ranks of Dionysus sacrifice.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K125

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