美国西部矿业的浅层开采及其影响（1848—1878）

发布时间：2018-01-24 14:57

本文关键词： 美国西部浅层矿开采淘金热作用与影响　出处：《首都师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 美国西部的采矿业是美国西部开发的重要组成部分之一。淘金热是采矿业初始阶段即浅层矿开采的主要形式，，它在美国历史上占有重要的地位。本文主要论述了自1848年到1878年这段时间内美国西部矿业开采的历史。以三次大规模的淘金热和淘金者的生活为中心，阐述了淘金热出现的背景、作用及其深远的影响。全文共分三章：第一章主要论述了三次大规模淘金热即加利福尼亚淘金热、内华达康姆斯托克淘金热、南达科他布莱克山淘金热各自出现的背景、特点及其淘金热概况。三大淘金热如星星之火，点燃了广大的美国西部。淘金热的出现，使得很少有外人涉足的美国西部出现了繁荣与喧闹并存，暴富与贫穷相对照的局面。第二章主要考察了闻风踏来的淘金者及其淘金生活。重点从物质和精神两个层面上来管窥他们与众不同的生活，从而揭示出淘金地对每个人来说并非都是“变富的天堂”。第三章主要运用两分法全面考察了淘金热的作用及其造成的深远影响。淘金热是一把双刃剑，一方面它为美国经济的发展插上了腾飞的翅膀，促进了美国工业化、城市化的发展和西部大开发等。但另一方面，它破坏了环境，导致矿业“鬼镇”大量出现。土著居民印第安人被驱逐、其土地被掠夺、印第安妇女遭侮辱等。一句话，淘金热对印第安人造成了致命的迫害。通过一分为二的方法给淘金热以客观和公允的评价。
[Abstract]:The mining industry in the western part of the United States is one of the important parts of the western development of the United States. The gold rush is the main form of mining in the initial stage of the mining industry, that is, the shallow mining. It occupies an important position in the history of the United States. This paper mainly discusses the history of mining and mining in the western United States during the period from 1848 to 1878. This article focuses on the three large-scale gold rush and the life of the gold prospectors. Heart. The background, function and far-reaching influence of the gold rush are expounded. The full text is divided into three chapters: The first chapter mainly discusses the background of three large-scale gold rush, namely California Gold Rush, Nevada Comstock Gold Rush, South Dakota Black Mountain Gold Rush. The characteristics and the general situation of the gold rush. The three gold rush like a spark ignited the vast western United States. The appearance of the gold rush made the western part of the United States that few outsiders set foot in appeared prosperity and bustle. A situation in contrast to poverty. The second chapter mainly examines the gold prospectors and their life, focusing on the material and spiritual aspects of their different lives. Thus revealing that the gold rush for everyone is not all a "rich paradise." The third chapter mainly uses dichotomy to investigate the role of the Gold Rush and its far-reaching impact. The Gold Rush is a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it inserts the wings for the development of American economy. It promoted American industrialization, urbanization and the development of the West. On the other hand, it destroyed the environment and led to the emergence of mining "ghost towns" in large numbers. Indigenous Indians were expelled and their lands looted. Indian women were insulted and so on. In a word, the Gold Rush caused fatal persecution to Indians. The Gold Rush was evaluated objectively and fairly by dividing it into two.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.4

【引证文献】