冷战期间美国国会监督隐蔽行动的运作方式

发布时间：2018-01-30 10:24

本文关键词： 美国国会隐蔽行动中央情报局监督　出处：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为三权分立制衡政治体制下的立法机构,美国国会依据其宪政权力,从20世纪70年代以来日益转向积极地监督隐蔽行动,主动寻求参与隐蔽行动决策过程,在实践中逐步发展确立起国会监督隐蔽行动的各种具体运作方式:国会利用其预算拨款权、立法权和参议院的人事任命"同意权",确立起包括各类年度预算和拨款授权法案、各种有关隐蔽行动决策的监督程序立法以及参议院通过干预人事任命影响隐蔽行动的三种横向监督方式;从纵向方面来说,国会对隐蔽行动的监督涵盖了一项隐蔽行动从计划到实施直至结束的整个过程。这表明美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督已基本实现制度化和法制化。
[Abstract]:As a legislature under the political system of separation of powers and checks and balances, the United States Congress, based on its constitutional power, has increasingly turned to actively supervise covert actions since 1970s. Actively seeking to participate in the covert action decision-making process, gradually develop in practice to establish the Congress to supervise the covert operation of various specific ways: Congress to use its budget allocation power. The legislative power and the "consent power" for personnel appointments in the Senate establish acts that include various annual budget and appropriation authorizations. Various kinds of supervision procedure legislation about covert action decision and three horizontal supervision ways that the Senate influence covert action through the intervention of personnel appointment; Vertically. The oversight of covert action by Congress covers the whole process of covert action from planning to implementation to the end, which indicates that the oversight of covert action by the United States Congress has basically been institutionalized and legalized.
【作者单位】：西北大学历史学院;
【基金】：2013年度国家社科基金西部项目“美国国会情报监督机制研究”(13XSS009) 2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目“美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督研究”(11XJC770003)
【分类号】：D771.2;K712
【正文快照】： 隐蔽行动①作为美国外交和情报活动中“最敏感、最隐秘、最富有争议的”组成部分,一直处于美国总统和国会宪法权力分配不明确的“半阴影区”。在美国三权分立的政治构架下,尤其是随着越南战争和水门事件后美国国会外交权的复兴,双方围绕隐蔽行动决策权的争夺愈演愈烈。然而,

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