美国对尼日利亚内战的政策（1967-1970）

发布时间：2018-02-01 04:55

本文关键词： 美国尼日利亚尼日利亚内战不干涉　出处：《东北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战结束后，随着冷战的爆发，美苏两个超级大国在全球展开激烈的利益争斗。其中，欧洲是双方的战略重点，但实际上在双方争夺势力范围的过程中，广大的第三世界国家也是双方必争之地。这样，尼日利亚作为非洲举足轻重的大国，其战略重要性就凸现出来。尼日利亚丰富的石油资源是美国争夺的重点。美国采取经济援助的手段，逐渐扩大其在尼日利亚的影响力，随即美国各大跨国石油公司纷纷到尼日利亚开掘新油井。尼日利亚内战爆发后，美国利用比夫拉地区叛乱之际，扶植比夫拉地区的伊博族人建立亲美政府，并以和谈为条件，威逼联邦军政府让渡权力给伊博族人，同时扩大对美国的开放程度。但由于尼联邦军政府对比夫拉地区的封锁，美国给予比夫拉地区的援助没有发挥预期的作用，最终在1970年联邦军政府战胜比夫拉叛军，重新控制了东部比夫拉地区，美国在尼日利亚的战略意图破灭了。本文主要以新解密的美国外交文件作为研究依据，笔者以为本选题的研究对于全面了解冷战时期美国的非洲政策，探究美国对尼日利亚内战的干涉及其利益目标，全面了解美国与尼日利亚的关系均有重要的学术参考价值和现实意义，亦有助于更好地剖析冷战时期美国的全球战略和美苏在这一时期在第三世界的纵横捭阖。本文共分三个部分第一部分：介绍尼日利亚内战前的美国对尼日利亚政策，包括二战后美国对非洲的政策和二战后美国对尼日利亚的政策。第二部分：介绍美国对尼日利亚内战的政策，包括尼日利亚内战爆发与美国的对策，，内战初期美国对尼日利亚的政策和内战后期美国对尼日利亚的政策。第三部分：评析美国对尼日利亚内战政策及其影响，包括美国对尼日利亚内战政策的评价和美国对尼日利亚内战政策的影响。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, with the outbreak of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union launched a fierce interest struggle in the world. Among them, Europe is the strategic focus of both sides, but in fact in the process of the two sides competing for the sphere of influence. The strategic importance of Nigeria as a major African power is highlighted. Nigeria's rich oil resources are the focus of American competition. The United States has gradually expanded its influence in Nigeria by means of economic aid. After the civil war broke out, the United States took advantage of the rebellion in the Bivra region to foster a pro-American government for the Igbo people in the Bivra region. Under the conditions of peace talks, the federal government was forced to cede power to the Igbo people, while at the same time expanding its openness to the United States, but because of the blockade of the Bivra area by the Nigerian federal government. U. S. aid to the Bivra region did not work as expected, and in 1970 the federal government defeated the Bivra rebels and regained control of the eastern region. The strategic intention of the United States in Nigeria has been dashed. This paper mainly takes the newly declassified American diplomatic documents as the research basis. The author thinks that the research of this topic is of great importance to the comprehensive understanding of American African policy during the Cold War period. It is of great academic reference value and practical significance to probe into the American intervention in the Nigerian Civil War and its interest goal, and to understand the relationship between the United States and Nigeria in an all-round way. It also helps to better analyze the global strategy of the United States during the Cold War and the manoeuvres of the United States and the Soviet Union in the third world during this period. This paper is divided into three parts The first part introduces the American policy towards Nigeria before the Civil War, including the American policy on Africa after World War II and the policy on Nigeria after World War II. The second part introduces the policy of the United States on the Nigerian civil war, including the outbreak of the Nigerian civil war and the countermeasures of the United States, the policy of the United States towards Nigeria at the beginning of the civil war and the policy of the United States towards Nigeria in the latter part of the civil war. The third part analyzes the American civil war policy and its influence on Nigeria, including its evaluation of Nigeria's civil war policy and its influence on Nigeria's civil war policy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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