美日就在华美方权益受侵害事件的交涉（1937-1941）

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:19

本文选题：美国权益 + 外交交涉　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以七七事变为开端,日本帝国开启了全面侵华战争。随着战争范围的扩大,日本在中国的野蛮行径,造成以美国为代表的、秉持战时中立政治态度的、第三方国家们在华权益的严重损害。围绕一系列因日本方面导致的美国在华利益的损失,美国与日本展开了外交交涉。依据战时中立法,美国认为:日本有义务采取措施,对美国在华公民的生命安全及合法权益予以保护;当由于日本方面的军事行动而导致美国在华公民人身安全面临威胁、抑或是合法权益受到损害之时,美国有权向日本索要赔偿。日本政府也做出保证:会采取一切措施对包括美国在内的第三国在华权益予以保护。然而,尽管日本政府多次做出承诺,会采取一切有效手段,保护在华美国公民生命安全与合法权益不受侵害。但是,由于日本方面造成的美国及美国公民权益损害事件却频繁发生。这些事件的受害对象主要分为:美国官职人员(在华美国外交官与驻华美军);美国军舰;美国传教士与教会产业;美国商人与企业这几大类别。本文选取其中具有代表性的事件为例,以专题形式、从两国角度对围绕这些事件展开的美日外交交涉进行分析。从日美两国的外交交涉可以看出:由于国内孤立主义盛行、民众反战情绪强烈,因此美国政府在处理此类事件之时,往往采取外交手段,对日本的暴行予以抗议,要求日本方面道歉并赔偿损失。随着战争扩大、日本暴行愈发频繁,但美国还是希望争取备战时间,因此在日本政府并不充分的道歉与赔偿之后便采取了妥协态度。日本政府前期为了顺利开展在华军事行动,对美采取亲善政策,力图避免刺激美国与其国内公众舆论。随着国际形势的变化,日本帝国的野心日益膨胀,对于美国在华权益不再格外重视,也不再刻意避免发生可能会刺激美国的行为,但为了争取时间仍同美国假意周旋。因此,面对美国的抗议,日本政府往往都会道歉并愿意赔偿。但日本政府将所有事件都解释为非蓄意的"意外"或者"事故",自始自终都采取推卸责任的态度。在美日两国交涉过程之中,充分暴露了日本的侵略本性及虚伪性;美国则一方面坚持原则、要求日本道歉赔偿,另一方面又采取了拖延时日的妥协态度。
[Abstract]:With the July 7 incident as the beginning, the Japanese Empire opened a full-scale war of aggression against China.With the expansion of the scope of the war, Japan's barbaric behavior in China has caused serious damage to the rights and interests of third countries in China, represented by the United States, with a neutral political attitude in wartime.The United States has engaged in diplomatic negotiations with Japan over a series of losses to American interests in China caused by Japan.According to the wartime legislation, the United States believes that Japan has an obligation to take measures to protect the life safety and legitimate rights and interests of American citizens in China; when the personal safety of US citizens in China is threatened as a result of Japanese military action,Or when their legitimate rights and interests are compromised, the United States has the right to claim compensation from Japan.The Japanese government has also pledged to take all measures to protect third-country rights and interests in China, including the United States.However, despite repeated commitments by the Japanese government, it will take all effective measures to protect American citizens in China from encroachment on their safety and legitimate rights.However, the damage caused by the Japanese side of the United States and American citizens occurred frequently.The victims of these incidents are mainly American officials (American diplomats in China and American troops in China; American warships; American missionaries and church industries; American businessmen and enterprises).In this paper, the representative events are selected as an example to analyze the diplomatic negotiations between the United States and Japan from the perspective of the two countries.From the diplomatic negotiations between Japan and the United States, we can see that because of the prevalence of domestic isolationism and the strong anti-war sentiment among the people, the US Government, when dealing with such incidents, often adopts diplomatic means to protest the atrocities committed by Japan.Ask Japan to apologize and compensate for the damage.As the war expanded, Japan's atrocities became more frequent, but the United States still wanted time to prepare for the war, so it took a compromise after the Japanese government apologized and compensated inadequately.In order to carry out military operations in China smoothly, the Japanese government adopted a policy of goodwill toward the United States in order to avoid stimulating public opinion in the United States and its own country.With the change of the international situation, the ambition of the Japanese empire is expanding day by day, and the American rights and interests in China are no longer attached great importance to, and the behavior that may stimulate the United States is no longer deliberately avoided, but in order to buy time, the Japanese Empire is still playing a false role with the United States.So, in the face of American protests, the Japanese government often apologizes and is willing to pay.But the Japanese government has interpreted all incidents as unintentional "accidents" or "accidents" and has been shirking responsibility all the time.In the course of the negotiation between the United States and Japan, Japan's aggressive nature and hypocrisy were fully exposed. On the one hand, the United States adhered to the principle of asking Japan to apologize for compensation, on the other hand, it adopted a protracted compromise attitude.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K15

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