自由主义对美国十九世纪现代化的影响
发布时间:2021-11-13 02:37
美国在100年左右的时间里,实现了从农业社会向工业化、现代化社会的转变。尽管中外学者从不同的角度对美国的现代化进行了研究,但只有少部分是从思想领域入手的。本文对美国最有影响力的社会思潮之一——自由主义进行了历时性研究,分析了它对美国19世纪现代化的影响。 本文追溯了自由主义在美国内战结束前后的发展——从约翰·洛克的古典自由主义到亚当·斯密的自由竞争或者经济自由主义,到约翰·密尔和托马斯·格林的社会自由主义。这些自由思想反映在四个原则上,也就是尊重个人的尊严和自由,相信民主,追求平等和乐观主义精神。这四个原则是美国人最坚定不变的价值观。本文分析了在这些价值观的影响下,总统、联邦最高法院的大法官这样的决策者做出的决定如何直接或间接地促进了美国现代化的过程。文章还援引一些判例和法案补充说明政府在管理经济的立场上的变化及自由思想对现代化过程的影响。 最后本文的结论是除了经济、技术和资源因素外,自由主义这个思想因素对美国19世纪的现代化起了一个催化作用。
【文章来源】:对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:64 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
Acknowledgements
Abstract(English)
Abstract(Chinese)
1 Introduction
1.1 General description of the study:purpose and validity
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Elaboration on modernization
1.4 Organization of the thesis
2 Liberalism and modernization before the end of American Civil War
2.1 Roots of American liberalism
2.1.1 Liberalism in general
2.1.2 Classical liberalism
2.1.3 Four tenets of American liberalism
2.2 The spirit of liberalism and the cases and acts involved
2.2.1 Self-made man-Andrew Jackson
2.2.2 Representing the interest of the West and the "mobs”
2.2.3 Federal restraint in social and economic affairs
2.2.4 Encouragement for competition
2.2.5 Ideology of work
2.2.6 Equal opportunity and the Homestead Act
2.2.7 Education and the Morrill Land Grant Act
3 Liberalism and modernization after the end of American Civil War
3.1 Popular economic and social theories in the second half of the nineteenth century
3.1.1 Adam Smith and laissez faire
3.1.2 Social Darwinism and its influence
3.1.3 Liberals' reaction to laissez faire and Social Darwinism
3.2 Factors affecting the stance of the federal government
3.3 National government's stance and the cases involved
4 Conclusion
Bibliography
本文编号:3492143
【文章来源】:对外经济贸易大学北京市 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:64 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
Acknowledgements
Abstract(English)
Abstract(Chinese)
1 Introduction
1.1 General description of the study:purpose and validity
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Elaboration on modernization
1.4 Organization of the thesis
2 Liberalism and modernization before the end of American Civil War
2.1 Roots of American liberalism
2.1.1 Liberalism in general
2.1.2 Classical liberalism
2.1.3 Four tenets of American liberalism
2.2 The spirit of liberalism and the cases and acts involved
2.2.1 Self-made man-Andrew Jackson
2.2.2 Representing the interest of the West and the "mobs”
2.2.3 Federal restraint in social and economic affairs
2.2.4 Encouragement for competition
2.2.5 Ideology of work
2.2.6 Equal opportunity and the Homestead Act
2.2.7 Education and the Morrill Land Grant Act
3 Liberalism and modernization after the end of American Civil War
3.1 Popular economic and social theories in the second half of the nineteenth century
3.1.1 Adam Smith and laissez faire
3.1.2 Social Darwinism and its influence
3.1.3 Liberals' reaction to laissez faire and Social Darwinism
3.2 Factors affecting the stance of the federal government
3.3 National government's stance and the cases involved
4 Conclusion
Bibliography
本文编号:3492143
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