新工党以来的英国政治“女性化”

发布时间：2022-07-09 19:01

　　近年来,性别平权在全球范围内成为热点话题。性别平等主义者呼吁两性应享有平等的公民权利,在政治、经济、社会及家庭中不因性别受到歧视。经过一个多世纪的平权运动,性别平等已被世界绝大多数国家接受,女性社会地位也相应提高。以英国为例,自《1918年人民代表法令》通过,年满30周岁的女性获得了选举权,女性开始在英国政治舞台上崭露头角。一百年米,英国女性活跃于议会、政府、内阁及国内外女性组织中,支持女性与性别平等的法案与政策也更加全面、具体。无论是从两性参政人数还是政策法案来看,传统上由男性主导的英国政治逐渐呈现出性别平等的趋向。在其真正实现政治层面的两性平等前,亦可称作英国政治的“女性化”1。1997年是英国政治“女性化”的分水岭。在此以前,相比于男性,女性很难获得参政机会,政治参与度较低。1997年新工党执政时,将女性在下议院议员中的比例从9.2%提高至18.2%。这对于英国政治“女性化”进程来说是勇敢的一大步,不仅在数目上提高了女性议员的比例,更为英国政治进一步“女性化”提供了新思路。在长期在野时期,工党对于“全女性决选名单”进行了研究与党内实践。尽管该政策当时引发了社会热议并最终被认定为非... 

【文章页数】：71 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
    Background and Significance
    Methodology
    Literature Review
Chapter 1 Theorizing Feminization of Politics
    1.1 Feminism and Feminization of Politics
    1.2 Women's Political Representation
Chapter 2 New Labour Government (1997-2010)
    2.1 Possibilities Embedded in Party Ideology
    2.2 Political Participation of Women:A Watershed
    2.3 Women Policies
        2.3.1 Gender Pay Gap Policy
        2.3.2 Family Policy
Chapter 3 Coalition Government (2010-2015)
    3.1 Party Ideology and Tradition about Feminization
        3.1.1 Conservative Party
        3.1.2 Liberal Democratic Party
    3.2 Political Representation of Women: Back to Cautious Pace
    3.3 Women Policies
        3.3.1 Childcare
        3.3.2 Violence against Women
        3.3.3 Economic Policy and Women's Interests
        3.3.4 Assessment of the Coalition's Women Policy
Chapter 4 Feminization of British Politics: A New Consensus
    4.1 Formation of Consensus on Feminizing Politics
    4.2 A Loose Consensus in Party Politics
    4.3 A Fading Consensus in Brexit Context
        4.3.1 Women's Participation in the Brexit Negotiation
        4.3.2 Women's Rights after Brexit
        4.3.3 May's Weak Leadership during Brexit
    4.4 Impediments to Further Feminization
Conclusion
Works Cited



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