东汉社会与三贤思想

发布时间：2018-01-14 12:28

本文关键词：东汉社会与三贤思想　出处：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 三贤是指东汉著名的思想家王充,王符,仲长统。之所以将其三人同称并举,是因为他们有共同的思想特征,即在思想内容上都是儒道兼综,高扬道家的旗帜,纠正弥补儒家在天人关系上的荒谬和不足。三贤的思想特色首先是批判性,但批判的重点是有所不同,王充的批判重点是学术批判,主要针对当时甚嚣尘上的今文经学和谶纬迷信,而王符,仲长统的批判重点则是社会批判,旨在批判当时黑暗的社会现实,在这里,三贤的批判思想体现了在社会主题转变下的学术思想的层次性和连续性,;其次是过渡性,主要体现在我国古代学术史由两汉经学向魏晋玄学的过渡,这主要是通过高扬道家思想来完成的,三贤不仅在思想方面信奉、崇拜道家思想,而且在行为处事乃至生活方式上也是努力践行之的,他们的实践直接开启了魏晋玄学的先河,对魏晋玄学的兴起有至关重要的影响。本文分四个部分,第一部分为三贤思想概述,分析了三贤思想产生的广阔的社会背景和深刻的传统文化背景,论证了东汉社会与三贤思想的相互关系;第二部分讨论了三贤的思想的第一个共同点,即在哲学领域对道家自然无为思想的继承和对儒家天人感应思想的批判,以及在儒、道兼综问题上的取舍应用,他们都表现出在唯物主义哲学领域的不彻底性和妥协性;第三部分讨论了三贤思想的第二个共同点,即是在社会领域的王霸思想。三贤基于类似的人性论,认为人性有善有恶,不可纯任儒术,而有针对性地提出儒法并用、德主刑辅的社会治理思想,同时指出王霸思想的优劣短长及主次地位,做到儒法并用,重点强调了乱世宜用重刑的主张;第四部分讨论了三贤在经今古文学之争中的文化立场。三贤出于建立完整学术体系和特定政治斗争的需要,在当时今文经学与古文经学互争优劣短长的大潮中不自觉的卷入了这场论战中,三贤的共同点是对经今古文之争,有自己独特的学术倾向性而并非是纯粹的学术判断,王充、仲长统倾向于古文经学,但著作中也有神秘主义等今文经学的思想因素;王符出于规避王权的需要主要倾向于今文经学,但也为古文经学留有生存的空间和余地。
[Abstract]:Sanxian refers to the famous thinkers of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong, Wang Fu, Zhong Changtun. The reason why the three of them are named in parallel is because they have the same ideological characteristics, that is, they are both Confucian and Taoist and comprehensive in their ideological content, and raise the banner of Taoism. The ideological characteristics of the three sages are first critical, but the emphasis of criticism is different. Wang Chong's critical emphasis is academic criticism. At that time, the main focus of the criticism of Wang Fu and Zhong Changtong was social criticism, aimed at criticizing the dark social reality of that time, here. The critical thought of the three sages reflects the hierarchy and continuity of the academic thought under the change of the social theme; Secondly, the transitional nature, mainly reflected in the ancient academic history of our country from the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin metaphysics transition, this is mainly through Gao Yang Taoist thought to complete, the three sages not only in the ideological belief, worship Taoist thought. And in the behavior and even the way of life is also trying to practice, their practice directly opened the Wei and Jin metaphysics, the rise of the Wei and Jin metaphysics has a vital impact. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the thought of the three sages. It analyzes the broad social background and the profound traditional cultural background of the thought of the three sages, and demonstrates the relationship between the society of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the thought of the three sages. The second part discusses the first common point of the three sages' thoughts, that is, the inheritance of the Taoist natural inaction in the field of philosophy and the criticism of the Confucian thought of feeling between man and nature, as well as the trade-off between Confucianism, Taoism and the integration of Confucianism and Taoism. They all showed inthoroughness and compromise in the field of materialist philosophy. The third part discusses the second common denominator of the three sages' thoughts, that is, the Wang hegemony thought in the social field. Based on the similar theory of human nature, the three sages believe that human nature has good and evil, and can not be pure Confucianism. Meanwhile, the author points out the advantages and disadvantages of Wang Ba's thought, and makes the use of Confucianism and law, with emphasis on the idea that heavy punishment should be used in turbulent times. Part 4th discusses the cultural position of the three sages in the debate over the classics and ancient literature. The three sages need to establish a complete academic system and a specific political struggle. At that time, there was an unconsciously involved in the controversy between the Confucian classics and the ancient classics. The common point of the three sages was the dispute about the classics and ancient prose. It has its own unique academic tendency rather than pure academic judgment. Wang Chong and Zhong Changtong tend to study ancient Chinese classics, but there are also some ideological factors in modern literary classics such as mysticism. Wang Fu mainly inclines to the study of modern classics for the purpose of circumventing Wang Quan, but it also leaves room and leeway for the study of ancient Chinese classics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K234

【引证文献】