府兵制政治过程论

发布时间：2018-02-01 18:53

本文关键词： 兵制政治过程　出处：《浙江大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 府兵制作为中古历史上一项重要军事政治制度,对西魏、北周、隋代及唐前期历史都曾产生过深远影响。西魏北周(以下简称魏周)是府兵制创立及发展时期,其制度结构性质在前后期有许多重要的变化。本文首先自魏周府兵制发展演化的历史展开论述,力图在继承、比较前人研究成果基础上,将府兵制发展过程置于特定历史环境中加以理解,分析其形成原因、条件、结构、功能,在此基础上,进入到对隋及唐前期府兵制结构与功能等方面的分析当中,并从中考察府兵制对上述时代社会与国家所起的作用。本文绪论部分,通过对府兵制研究过程中几个主要论域之分析,提出与本文论题相关之问题及解决它需要运用的方法,构建出本篇论文写作主要的知识框架。本文正文部分,分作上下二篇,上篇考察的时代是魏周,下篇考察的时代则在隋唐。上篇主要探讨的是府兵制如何将各类政治主体加以整合,共三章。首章中,考察了两类政治主体(武川集团与地方武力)前期历史,分析了二者各自“乡里”武力形成过程,对两类乡里结构作了必要的区分,地方军镇与地方行政区不同安排,使两类武力中人物具有不同的生活方式与利益取向,同样面临残酷的战争局势,两类人物具有了不同的政治品质,主要反映在“反门阀主义”与“乡土主义”之中。第二章中,主要论述魏周府兵制的形成及组织结构特征,通过对府兵制结构不同侧面的考察,来分析该制度整体主要特征。笔者认为该制度特征主要体现在置府收兵(从兵制而言)、军团组成(从军制而言)与戎秩序列形成(从官阶而言)等方面。第三章中,主要探究魏周府兵制建立之政治意义,对前章制度特征的分析转入制度结构功能的考察。探讨府兵制戎秩序列展开内容,及其作为一类政治制度工具,在武川集团与地方武力两个政治主体间能够发挥的主要的功能与作用。笔者认为,府兵制功能与作用主要成果,即在于形成了新的统治阶级——关陇集团。下篇主要观察隋唐府兵制各类政治结构与功能分化的历史过程,全部内容共分四章。第四章中,对陈寅恪先生提出的关中本位政策与关陇集团概念在知识论上进行疏理。突出了关中本位政策所具有的乡土品质;清理了关陇集团概念中胡汉与文武关系的组合,强调对关陇集团的理解应该以府兵制为中心;叙述了魏周府兵制八柱国家系统在隋唐历史环境下的演化发展历程。第五章中,主要围绕隋唐府兵制军府系统结构展开讨论。注目于军府系统内部主要功能之间分化的历史过程;又围绕着府兵制与骁果制关系进行讨论,分析了隋代的骁果人物与魏周府兵制内所吸纳武川豪杰与地方豪右在政治品质等方面的异同。第六章中,主要分析隋唐府兵制军事系统功能分化的历史。考察了蓣骑、兵募及防丁与府兵制度结构的基本关系,笔者认为,唐前期建构出了以府兵制为轴心,其他兵员制度为其补充的军事格局,其后,军事系统内部主要功能不断的发展,又使得新的军事制度因素(北衙禁军、官健、团结)逐渐由府兵制军事系统内部摆脱出来,发展为相对独立的制度形态,展开新一轮的制度内容的演化。第七章中,主要考察隋唐府兵制品阶系统功能分化的历史。关注于隋代由开皇散实官至大业散职的演化进程及其本阶化的政治意义;考察了唐代勋官的形成及文·武散官制所具有的本阶化意义。这一历史阶段,府兵制品阶内容渐为地方人物所贱视,其品阶系统内主要载体(勋官)所具有的本阶化的政治功能日渐丧失。府兵制结构内部功能不断地分化,使各种具有专门功能的制度载体逐渐脱离府兵制度结构的母体,走上了独立演化的道路,并由此发展为新的制度形态。而在玄宗开天之际,府兵制在失去各项主要功能之后,名存而实亡,走向了最终的瓦解。
[Abstract]:The soldier made for medieval history an important military and political system, the Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty history which has a far-reaching influence. The West Zhou Dynasty (hereinafter referred to as Wei Zhou) is the Fubing establishment and development period, the properties of system structure have many important changes before and after the period. Firstly, since Wei Zhou the evolution of the history of the development of Fubing is discussed, in order to compare the inheritance, on the basis of previous research results, the development process of Fubing under specific historical environment to understand, analyze the reasons, conditions, structure, function, on this basis, into the analysis of the Sui and Tang Dynasty soldier system structure and function etc. of them, and from the observation of the senior high school entrance examination Fubing society and play the role of the state.
The introduction of this paper, based on several Fubing of domain analysis, the thesis put forward related problems and solve it needs to use the method, this thesis mainly constructs the framework of knowledge.
The text part of this article is divided into two parts. The first part of the study is Wei Zhou, and the next study is in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The first part mainly discusses the themansion army system to integrate all kinds of political subject, a total of three chapters.
In the first chapter, examines two types of political subject (Wuchuan group and local force) in early history, analyzes the two forming process of their "village" force of two types of village structure made the necessary distinction between different arrangements of the town where the military and local administrative region, the two kinds of characters in force have a different way of life with interest, also facing the brutal war situation, two kinds of characters with different political quality, mainly reflected in the "anti aristocratic doctrine" and "vernacular".
In the second chapter, mainly discusses the formation of Wei Zhou Fubing and characteristics of organizational structure, through the study of different aspects of Fubing structure, to analyze the main characteristics of the whole system. The author thinks that the system features mainly reflected in the government troops (from conscription for), legions (army rank system) and the formation of Rong the sequence (from the rank) and so on.
In the third chapter, mainly to explore the political significance of Wei Zhou Fubing establishment, analysis of the previous chapter the features of the system to study the structure and function of the system. To investigate the Fubing Rongzhi series, and as a sort of political system, the main function and role to play in the two political subjects Wuchuan group and local force.. the author believes that the main results of system function and role of government, which is the formation of the new ruling class of Guanlong group.
The second part mainly studies the historical process of the Sui and Tang Dynasties Fubing all kinds of political structure and functional differentiation, all content is divided into four chapters.
In the fourth chapter, the Guanzhong based policy proposed by Mr. Chen Yinque and reorganizing the Guanlong group concept in the theory of knowledge. The Guanzhong based policy with local quality; clean up the combination of Guanlong group concept of Hu Han and civil military relations, emphasis on the Guanlong group understanding should be based on the Fubing center the week; Wei Fubing eight column state system evolution process in the Sui and Tang Dynasties historical environment.
In the fifth chapter, mainly on the Sui and Tang Dynasty Fubing Junfu system structure is discussed. The attention differentiation history process between the Yu Jun government system inside the main function; centering on the discussion of Fubing and Xiao Guo system, analysis of the nano Wuchuan and local hero Hao right political quality and other aspects of the similarities and differences in the absorption of Xiao Guo Sui the characters and Wei Zhou Fubing.
In the sixth chapter, mainly analyzes the history of Sui and Tang Dynasties Fubing military system function differentiation was studied. The Wrigh ride, offering soldiers and anti basic relations, Ding and the soldier system structure of the Tang Dynasty to construct a Fubing system as the axis, other soldiers for the supplementary military pattern, then, the continuous development of military the main functions of the system, but also makes the military new institutional factors (Beiya army, health officer, unity) gradually from the interior of Fubing system from the military, for the development of system form relatively independent, launched a new round of system evolution.
In the seventh chapter, mainly on the Sui and Tang Dynasties product differentiation order system "history. The evolution process of attention in the Sui Dynasty by Huang San Guan Tai Ye San Zhi and its political significance of the order of the order of significance were investigated; and the formation of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Xun Guan San has a bureaucracy. The historical stage, its products order content of local figures looked down gradually, the main carrier of goods order system (Xunguan) is the order of the political function is lost.
Continuous differentiation of Fubing internal structure function, institution carrier which has various special functions gradually from the parent "system structure, embarked on the road of independent evolution, and thus for the development of new system. And in the reign of Kaitian occasion, Fubing after losing the main function, name and death and to the final collapse.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K235

【引证文献】