从家训看唐宋时期士大夫家庭的治家方式

发布时间：2018-02-04 05:28

本文关键词： 家训唐宋时期士大夫治家方式　出处：《河北师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文主要依据家训资料,从传统家庭生活经营观念以及家庭生活治理方式的角度,分析了唐宋时期士大夫的家训中有异于以往的内容,进而对比考察了唐宋时期士大夫家庭在生活价值观念、家庭治理方式上的变化。家训是规范家庭成员行为、处理家庭事务的准则,又称为“家范”、“家戒(诫)”、“家规”或“家仪”等,包括口头家训和书面家训两种形式。广义而言,家训是前人向后代传授修身治家、为人处世道理的方式,内容涉及到修身养性、养家治家、励志勉学、为人处世等各方面;狭义而言,家训指一般的与训子治家内容相关的文献资料和家谱中的家规族约。家训的形式既有语录、格言,又有散文、诗歌等体裁;既有专著,又有文集史传中的只言片语。家训是用来规范家庭成员行为,处理家庭事务的一种准则,是长辈基于自身经验对后代的教诲和劝勉,包括家庭的秩序准则、伦理关系、治家方略等方面。对于家庭而言,家训具有“家法”的性质,是传统宗法社会的一种重要文化现象,也是中华民族传统文化的内在组成部分。有的是根据自己的生活经验写成的,也有的是根据祖上遗言或族规修订而成,都是生活实践经验的总结之谈,极富哲理性、针对性,并具备一定程度的可信性和可操作性。本文在前人研究基础上,运用文献研究法、个案分析法和比较法对中国古代的家训进行研究。由于有家训的家庭大都属于士大夫阶层,所以本文考察的主要是唐宋时期士大夫家庭治家方式的发展变化。家庭经济是在家庭院落的范围内,人们凭借自有或者部分自有生产资料进行的生产经营活动;家庭生活治理方式属于家庭经济的范畴,是对人们的日常经济生活中的具体管理观念、治理手段以及运作过程。本文谈到的治家方式,主要是指人们的生活状态与生存技巧,是为了更好生存生活下去而进行的一种计划和安排。文章分为四个部分: 第一部分先考察家庭经济生活的治理。经济生活中首先涉及的是生产、交换、分配及消费一系列生产与再生产活动,通过对这些方面的考察,可以看出当时社会士大夫阶层的经济运作过程,在此基础上具体分析该阶层治家方式的可行性安排。家庭生活治理的一些固有的制度性和习惯性安排全都是在日常生活中形成的,但是由于日常生活的琐碎零乱,我们又不能一一分析,因此关于日常生活的第二部分就着重分析与经济有关的方面,比如士大夫阶层的家庭管理观念,对待婚丧嫁娶问题的看法等等。这部分试图考察一下体现在日常生活中的经济观念,以及关于生活治理方式的具体理念与安排。第三部分是全篇的重点。以唐宋时期家训为重点,对魏晋南北朝时期家训内容加以追述,以及元明清时期家训内容的补充,理出一条线索,总结出当时士大夫阶层治家方式的特点,从而引申到家庭治理方式的发展、改进情况,并分析其中的原因。第四部分是治家方式中理想状态与现实生活的差异。家训中倡导的生活管理方式未必就是当时真实的生活写照,家训反映的情况与具体实际生活中的情况或许会有出入,也会有一些言过其实的成份,所以简单分析一下家训中的规定条款与实际生活情况的差距及其原因也很有必要。
[Abstract]:This paper is mainly based on the data from the family, the traditional family life management concept and family life governance perspective, analyzes the different from the past, the Tang and Song Dynasties literati s content, and then investigated the concept of the Tang and Song Dynasties literati family in the life value, change of family governance pattern.
Family is the norm of family members, family affairs guidelines, also known as the "player", "quit (commandment)", "rules" or "home" instrument, including oral and written instructions instructions in two forms. Generally speaking, the previous motto is to future generations to Zhijia, Weirenchushi truth the method involves self-cultivation, family management, persuading study, for all aspects of life; in narrow sense, refers to the family of literature and genealogies and training related to the content of the sub family family. The family about the form of both words and sayings, lattice, prose, poetry and other genres; both monographs and essays on history in a word or two.
Family is used to regulate the behavior of family members, a criterion of family affairs, is the elder experience of its own offspring education and encourage families including order based on standards, ethics, family aspects of policy. For families, family with "nature of law", is an important cultural phenomenon in the traditional patriarchal society also, the traditional culture of the Chinese nation to the inner part. Some are written according to his own life experience, but also some words or revised according to ancestors and clan, is the life of practice and experience to talk about, very philosophical, targeted, and have a certain degree of credibility and maneuverability in this article. On the basis of previous studies, using the literature research method, case analysis method and comparative method of Chinese ancient family motto. Because family family mostly belong to the literati class, so the study Is the main development mode of scholar bureaucrat families in the Tang and Song dynasties.
The economy is in the range of family family courtyard, people with their own or part of its own production data for the production and business activities; family governance belongs to family economic category, is on the daily economic life of the specific management concepts and means of governance and operation process. This paper talked about the family, mainly refers to the life state and survival skills of the people, is a kind of plans and arrangements for better living to live. The article is divided into four parts:
The first part first examines the governance of family economic life. The first relates to the economic life of the production, exchange, distribution and consumption, a series of production and reproduction activities, through the study of these aspects of the process of economic operation, we can see that society of the intelligentsia, on the basis of detailed analysis of the feasibility of class family management methods arrangement.
Family governance some inherent institutional and customary arrangements are all formed in daily life, but because of trivial daily life disorder, we can not 11 analysis, the second part focuses on the analysis about the daily life and economic related aspects, such as the literati class family management ideas, treat weddings and funerals views on the issue and so on. This part tries to examine the economic concept embodied in the daily life, as well as specific ideas about life and the way of governance arrangements.
The third part is the emphasis of family. In the Tang and Song dynasties as the key of the Wei and Jin Dynasties to recount and supplementary instructions, Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties family instructions, find out a clue, summarizes the characteristics of literati at that time, family, and extended development, home improvement of governance, and analysis one of the reasons.
The fourth part is the difference between ideal and real life in ways. Advocating life management in the family is not necessarily the real portrayal of life, family reflect the situation and specific situations in life may differ, there will also be some exaggerated ingredients, so a simple analysis of the terms and provisions of instructions the actual life situation and the reasons for the gap is also very necessary.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K242;K244

【参考文献】