元代温州路研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 15:06

本文选题：元代　切入点：温州　出处：《暨南大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 蒙元是中国历史上第一个由少数民族建立的统一王朝,其统治曾对中原及江南地区带来巨大影响。本文以元代温州路为研究对象,探讨蒙元统治下温州的政治、经济、学术、社会、文化等情况,借助温州这个有代表性的区域,将自然环境、历史因素和元代统治有机结合起来,分析元代的基础统治状况,有助于我们更丰富、立体和深入了解元代。全文由绪论、正文、结论、附录四部分组成。正文分为六章。宋元易代的家国变迁曾给温州带来的巨大冲击,战争带来的混乱局势使温州社会生产水平和人民生活水平发生倒退,温州精英追随陈宜中转战各地,或流寓全国各地,而经过战争之后,不少温州士人成为遗民。就元代温州政务而言,了解温州路的户口变化、赋税、盐课征收,在民众中实行的诸色户计制,如何征发差役。温州对于元代的重要角色是协助海运,将粮食从各地运往大都,完成南粮北运的任务。作为南宋以来的重要港口城市,温州的交通和商业贸易继续发展。温州的农业、渔业、手工业、制造业等在元代的基础上继续发展,为保障农业生产,温州官方和士大夫还营建了大量重要的水利工程。温州地区自然灾害频繁,官府和当地富户都会采取措施救灾,但在地方财政匮乏,吏治腐败情况下,政府赈济多有名无实。在基层社会控制上,元代设置军事力量加强地方控制,防范民众起事。在交通要道和偏远地区设置巡检司,负责捕盗和严禁私盐贩卖。由于官员腐败和贪污贿赂严重,元代司法审判中存在冤假错案和积案累积情况。元代温州教育呈现多元化趋势,虽然儒学教育水平比之南宋有所下降,但温州儒学教育仍然在全国居于优势地区。朱子学在元代温州的继续传播,元代思想界中高度价永嘉学派,本文重点论述了该学派在元代沉寂的原因。本文还从家庭、宗族、群体间关系三方面论述元代的温州士大夫在面对蒙元统治的挫折下,如何继续维持自己的地位,努力进入仕宦之途,参与地方事务。元代尊崇宗教的政策,使得元代温州佛教和道教进入迅速发展时期,寺院和道观大量营建,高僧与大道辈出,同时宗教世俗化也带来诸多矛盾。宗教宽容政策使得异域宗教也有所发展。元末温州民族矛盾和社会矛盾日益激化,元朝在温州统治崩溃,方国珍割据温州大部,周嗣德占据南部平阳州,至正二十七年后温州正式归属朱元璋政权,元朝在温州统治正式结束。元末群雄割据和连绵数年的战乱,给温州社会经济带来巨大创伤,明初温州士人大多选择了隐逸。通过考察,本文认为虽然元代温州带有蒙元统治的色彩,但整体延续着汉族社会原有的传统。尽管元朝统治一定程度上加重了对温州经济资源的掠夺,诸色户计制度加强了人身奴役,吏治腐败一定程序影响元代政策的执行,但延续南宋以来的基础,温州继续保持着全国重要商业城市和对外贸易重要港口城市的地位。温州教育水平仍在全国具有优势地位,科场中举人数仍在全国处于领先地位。随着宋元之际的战乱和朱子理学在全国统治地位的确定,南宋以来全国影响力的永嘉学派衰落,但元代以“兼容并包”为特色,温州士人在戏剧、绘画、医学等方面取得成就。蒙元统治下的温州士人,面对政治地位的改变,虽然遭遇沉重打击,但很快就调整处世的态度,在家庭、宗族和地方乡里事务上积极参与。
[Abstract]:The yuan is the first China history established by the minority unified dynasty, the ruling has huge impact on central and southern regions. In this paper, the Yuan Dynasty Wenzhou road as the research object, discusses the yuan under the rule of Wenzhou's political, economic, social, academic, cultural and so on, with the Wenzhou representative of the region the natural environment, historical factors and the rule of combining analysis based rule of the Yuan Dynasty, helps us more rich, three-dimensional and in-depth understanding of the Yuan Dynasty.
The full text is composed of four parts: introduction, text, conclusion and appendix. The text is divided into six chapters.
The country has to change and easy generation of huge impact brought by Wenzhou, the war brought chaos to make Wenzhou the level of social production and people's living standards have undergone retrogression, Wenzhou elite follow Chen Yizhong fought in the country, or in the country, and after the war, many Wenzhou scholars become adherents.
In Yuan Dynasty Wenzhou government, understand the account changes, Wenzhou road tax, salt tax levy, in the implementation of the people in all sorts of household system, how to collect them. Wenzhou for an important role in the Yuan Dynasty is to assist the shipping, food from all over the country to complete the most, the north south grain transport task. As an important port city in Southern Song Dynasty since the Wenzhou traffic and commercial trade. To continue the development of industry and agriculture, fisheries, Wenzhou, manufacturing continued development in the Yuan Dynasty on the basis for the protection of agricultural production, Wenzhou officials and literati also built a large number of important water conservancy projects. Frequent natural disasters in Wenzhou area, the local government and the rich will take measures to relief, but in the local financial shortage, corruption cases, government relief more nominal. At the grassroots level of social control, the setting of military forces to strengthen local control, prevention of public traffic arteries and the ground. Remote areas set Xunjiansi, responsible for catching theft and prohibited illegal salt trafficking. Due to corruption and bribery and corruption is serious, and the accumulated backlog of miscarriages of justice in judicial trial. There is the diversification trend of Yuan Dynasty Wenzhou education, although the Confucian education level than the Southern Song Dynasty declined, but still in the country of Wenzhou Confucian education the advantages of living in the area.
Zhu Zixue continued to spread in Wenzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and the Yongjia School of thought was highly priced in the ideological circles of the Yuan Dynasty. This article mainly discussed the cause of the school's silence in the Yuan Dynasty.
This paper from the family, clan, group relationship between three aspects of the Yuan Dynasty Wenzhou literati in the face of the Mongolian Yuan rule setbacks, how to continue to maintain their status, efforts to enter the official career path, involved in local affairs.
In the respect of religion, Buddhism and Taoism that Yuan Dynasty Wenzhou entered a period of rapid development, a large number of temples and Taoist monks and road construction, at the same time in the secularization of religion also brought many contradictions. The policy of religious tolerance that foreign religion has also developed.
At the end of the yuan Wenzhou ethnic conflicts and the intensification of social contradictions, the Yuan dynasty rule in Wenzhou collapse, Fang Zhen Zhou Side occupied the major part of Wenzhou separatism, southern Pingyang, twenty-seven years after Wenzhou to officially belonged to the Zhu Yuanzhang regime, the Yuan dynasty rule in Wenzhou officially ended. At the end of the yuan and cut according to the warlords after years of war, to the social economy of Wenzhou a huge trauma, Wenzhou in the early Ming Dynasty scholars mostly chose seclusion.
Through the investigation, this paper argues that although Wenzhou in Yuan Dynasty with the yuan rule of color, but the overall continuation of the traditional society of the Han nationality. Although the rule to a certain extent aggravated the economic resources of the rape of Wenzhou, all sorts of household system to strengthen the personal servitude, corrupt officials must execute policies and procedures in Yuan Dynasty, but the continuation of foundation since the Southern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou continues to be an important commercial city of the country and foreign trade important port city status. Wenzhou education level still has a dominant position in the country, Confucian is still in the leading position in the country. As the song dynasty wars and Zhuxi determine the dominant position in the country, since the Southern Song Dynasty Yongjia school national influence the decline of the Yuan Dynasty to the "all-embracing" features, Wenzhou scholars in drama, painting, achievements in medicine. The yuan under the rule of the Wenzhou intellectuals, In spite of a heavy blow to the change of political status, it quickly adjusted the attitude of the world and took an active part in the affairs of the family, the clan and the local and rural areas.

【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K247

【参考文献】