明代辽东卫所军役研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:38

本文选题：明代　切入点：辽东卫所　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文采用区域史研究的视角,全面、系统地考察了有明一代辽东卫所的军役。对辽东卫所军役的种类、内容、繁衍变化的过程,军役的佥派组织、方式、原则及影响等问题皆有详细的讨论。明代的卫所不单纯是一种军事组织机构,军队编制单位,还是除州县外地方建制的另一种形式,因此它管辖着一定的区域和统属着固定的人口。明初在辽东地区设立都司,广置卫所,从洪武至宣德共设立二十五卫。虽然明廷于永乐间在辽东设立安乐、自在二州,但是辽东的州治只负责管理归附夷人,没有固定的辖区与属民,故而辽东都司完全是一个军事系统管辖下的地方行政区划。通过对辽东卫所军役的考察,不仅仅在于揭示辽东卫所军役制度,认识辽东卫所军户的存在实态,更能借以从卫所内部来认识辽东卫所的功能与性质。本文主体内容共有四章。第一章,主要分析归纳军役的概念,区分主要承担军役的原籍军户与卫所军户二大群体、阐述有明一代军役的一般状况。第二章,具体论述辽东都司军役的种类、内容及其发生、发展,繁衍流变的历史过程,并详细揭示辽东卫所军役制度的演变经过。第三章,主要考察卫所军政体制下军役佥派、管理的组织基础,论证卫所徭役产生的基础是卫所职能的演变所致。第四章,主要讨论辽东驿递之役对于辽东卫所军政体制所产生的巨大影响。通过对辽东卫所的军役研究可知,辽东卫所军役种类相当繁杂,承应军役的群体也不只是旗军,还包括广大的余丁。旗军差役的类别相对固定。军役是正军缺伍由户内余丁接继,世代相袭。而余丁的差役却种类繁多,难以遍数。由于隶属军籍,军余有帮帖、继补正军军役的法定义务,他们还有可能被随时抽垛为正军服役。除此之外,军余还被佥派徭役,供地方官府驱使劳作。辽东卫所徭役的出现是在明中后期,由于营兵制取代卫所,卫所的军事职能受到严重削弱,实际上已经脱变成为一个社会管理、临民而治的机构,卫所民事行政化使得徭役的需求产生。由于军卫建制的特点,使得辽东卫所的徭役在佥派组织、原则上都有自己的特点。与州县相同,在辽东卫所,均徭改革的方向也指向一条鞭法。在辽东卫所中,还出现了卫所军政制度本身限制了驿递之役的达成,而产生对卫所军政制度改革的现象。从军役的发展、演变的过程来看,辽东卫所军役在辽东军政体制崩坏,都司的民事化改革上起到重大推动作用。虽然笔者所作的只是关于辽东卫所的区域性研究,所得到的结论不具有普遍性,但它能给同类型的研究以参考价值,并能为全面、准确地认识与评介明代卫所制度提供一个坚实的例证,即是本文的价值所在。
[Abstract]:This paper, from the perspective of regional history research, comprehensively and systematically investigates the military service of the Ming Dynasty Liaodong Wei Institute. The types, contents, multiplying and changing process of the military service in the Eastern Liaoning Province, the organization and mode of the legitimate faction of the military service are investigated. The principles and influences were discussed in detail. The Ming Dynasty Wei Institute was not simply a military organization, a military establishment unit, or another form of local organization other than state and county. Therefore, it controlled a certain region and a fixed population. In the early Ming Dynasty, it set up a division of capital in the eastern part of Liaoning, and set up a wide station of Wei, and set up a total of 25 Wei from Hongwu to Xuande. Although the Ming government set up Anle in eastern Liaoning in Yongle, it was free in two states. However, the state administration in eastern Liaoning is only responsible for managing the people belonging to the Yi people, and there is no fixed jurisdiction and belonging to the people. Therefore, the division of the capital of Liaodong is a local administrative division under the jurisdiction of a military system.Through the investigation of the service of the guards in the eastern part of Liaoning, It is not only to reveal the military service system in Liaodong, but also to understand the function and nature of the military service in Liaodong from the inside. The main content of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the concept of military service, differentiates the two groups of military families who mainly bear military service from those of the guards, and expounds the general situation of military service in the Ming Dynasty. The second chapter discusses the types, contents, occurrence, development and evolution of the military service in eastern Liaoning, and reveals the evolution of the military service system in Liaodong. The third chapter mainly studies the organizational basis of the military service and the administration under the military and political system of the Institute of Health and demonstrates that the basis of the corvee is the evolution of the functions of the Institute. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the great influence on the military and government system of Liaodong Wei Institute. Through the research on the military service of Liaodong Wei Institute, we can see that the types of military service in Liaodong Wei Institute are quite complicated, and the group that receives the military service is not just the flag army. It also includes a large number of Yu Ding. The categories of the flag army officers are relatively fixed. Military service is a military service that is left behind the household and inherited from generation to generation. But there are many types of guards in Yu Ding, which are difficult to count. Since they belong to the military, they have help posts. Following the legal obligation to make up for the military service, they may also be drawn at any time to serve in the main army. In addition, the surplus of the army is also sent to corvee for local authorities to drive them to work. The appearance of the corvee in Liaodong Wei Institute was in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. As a result of the battalion system replacing the military establishment, the military function of the health institute has been seriously weakened. In fact, it has become a social management, civilian and administrative organization, and the civilian administration of the health service has created the demand for corvee. Because of the characteristics of the military and health system, It makes the corvee of the Liaodong Wei Institute have its own characteristics in principle. In the same way as the prefectures and counties, in the Liaodong Wei Institute, the direction of the tax service reform also points to a whip method. In the Liaodong Wei Institute, It also appeared that the military and political system of the Wei Institute itself restricted the achievement of the post post service, but resulted in the reform of the military and political system of the military and administrative system of the Wei Institute. In the light of the development and evolution of military service, the military service of the Eastern Liaoning Province collapsed in the military and political system. Although the author has only made a regional study on Liaodong Wei Institute and the conclusion is not universal, it can give reference value to the same type of research, and can be comprehensive. An accurate understanding and review of the Ming Dynasty Wei Institute system provides a solid example, that is, the value of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248

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