清代的奖赏制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 07:18

本文选题：清代　切入点：奖赏　出处：《浙江大学》2005年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：赏与罚是历代统治者惯用的统治手法,二者相辅相成,交相为用,赏用以劝善,罚用以惩恶。不了解一个时期的制度,就不可能全面而准确地认识社会。奖赏是清代政治制度的重要组成部分,几乎每次重大的历史事件均伴随着大规模的奖赏。毫不夸张地说, 奖赏制度是清朝历史发展的缩影。目前,国内外学者关于清代制度史的论著,只是零星地涉及到奖赏制度的某些方面,而且大多局限于某个方面的专题研究,系统研究清代奖赏制度的论著尚未出现,本文试图尽力弥补清史研究领域的这一缺陷。作者在《清实录》、《清会典》、《清史稿》等文献资料以及丰富的清人笔记的基础上, 对清代的奖赏制度进行清理。并力图运用历史学、社会学、心理学等学科的一些理论与方法,采取宏观制度叙述与微观个案分析相结合的方法,进行必要的统计,举出一些有代表性的事例佐以论述。在此基础上,将奖赏作为一种制度化的激励机制,探讨其在维护政治统治、纲常名教及社会风尚等方面的作用。并将奖赏作为观察清代社会,解读制度背后深层次东西的一个独特视角。全文共分为三大部分八章内容: 第一部分为第一章,是文章的绪论部分,主要阐述本课题的选择依据,以及研究具有的学科及现实意义,并介绍了关于本课题的研究成果。第二部分为第二至第七章,是奖赏制度的陈说部分。主要对清代奖赏制度中所涉及的奖劳劝功、旌表制度、礼敬高年、恤赏措施、饰终令典、俎豆馨香等六个方面进行比较系统的叙述,追溯其历史渊源、比较其与前代的差别、考查制度的实施情况,并简要地加以分析。第三部分为论文的第八章,为论文的结论部分,对清代奖赏制度的一些主要问题进行归纳,总结出其主要特点、在清代社会中所起的主要作用及奖赏制度中存在的诸多问题等。总体上来看,奖赏制度在维护清代政治统治、纲常名教、社会风尚等方面发挥了相当重要的作用。但也应注意到:花费巨大财力、物力进行的奖赏制度不过是清廷恩威并用的一种手段。而且,乾隆中期以后,奖赏制度执行过程中越来越多地掺杂着急功近利、沽名钓誉等因素,冒滥、贪墨等现象亦大量地存在着。尤其是晚清时候,清廷面临非常态的压力,为了笼络人心,大规模地运用奖赏手段,使滥用现象非常普遍,因而导致奖赏与荣誉贬值,逐渐丧失作为维护统治的一个较为有效的重要手段。所有这些表明:繁荣鼎盛的背后隐藏着诸多体制上的问题。虽然不是奖赏措施导致了清朝的衰落,至少从中暴露出一系列衰败的迹象。总之,不应把奖赏看作是灵丹妙药,作为激励的唯一手段, 这是奖赏能否充分发挥作用的首要条件。
[Abstract]:Rewards and penalties are the usual ruling ways, the two complement each other, Jiaoxiangweiyong, reward for good deeds, penalty
To punish. Do not understand the system of a period of time, can not be comprehensive and accurate understanding of society. The reward is in the Qing Dynasty
The important part of the system is that almost every major historical event is accompanied by a large reward.
The reward system is the epitome of the historical development of the Qing Dynasty. At present, the scholars at home and abroad on the history of the Qing Dynasty system are only fragmentary.
It involves some aspects of the reward system, and is mostly limited to a particular topic and studies the Qing Dynasty award system.
Reward system works has not yet appeared, this paper attempts to remedy the defects of the research field.
The < > qingshilu, < < > Qing Huidian, based on literature and history of Qing Dynasty > rich notes on the Qing dynasty,
To clean up the reward system in the Qing Dynasty and try to use some theories and theories of history, sociology, psychology and other disciplines.
Method, adopt the method of combining the macroscopic system narration with the microcosmic case analysis, carry on the necessary statistics, and give out some of them.
On the basis of this, the reward is regarded as a institutionalized incentive mechanism, and its dimension is discussed.
Support political rule, tsunatsune norm and social customs and other aspects of the role. And will reward as observed in Qing Dynasty, interpretation system
A unique perspective behind the depth of the degree.
The full text is divided into three parts and eight chapters.
The first part is the first chapter, which is the introduction part of the article. It mainly expounds the selection basis of the subject and the research tools.
There are some subjects and practical significance, and the research results on this subject are introduced.
The second part is the second to seventh chapters. It is a part of the reward system. It is mainly involved in the reward system of the Qing Dynasty.
The award of labor power, the system, "years, pension reward measures, with final order code, six aspects of a sacrificial rites
More systematic narration, tracing back its historical origin, comparing its differences with the previous generation, examining the implementation of the system, and briefly
Analyze it.
The third part is the eighth chapter of the paper. For the conclusion part of the paper, some major problems of the reward system in the Qing Dynasty are introduced.
The main features, the main functions of the Qing Dynasty society and the many questions in the reward system are summed up.
Question and so on.
Overall, the reward system in the maintenance of political rule in the Qing Dynasty, Confucianism, social morality plays phase
As an important role. But attention should also be paid to spend huge financial resources to carry out the reward system, but the Qing government and Mathias
A means of use. Moreover, after the mid - Qianlong period, the implementation of the reward system is more and more mingled with instant benefits.
Fish for fame and other factors, and the phenomenon of being excessive, also existed. Especially in the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing government faced the very
Normal pressure, in order to win over the people, large-scale use of reward means, the abuse of the phenomenon is very common, which lead to the award
Honor and depreciation, gradual loss of maintenance as a rule means more effective. All of these show that the propagation of
There are many institutional problems hidden behind the prosperity. Although not the reward measures have led to the decline of the Qing Dynasty, at least,
A series of signs of decay are exposed. In a word, reward should not be regarded as a panacea, as the only means of encouragement.
This is the first condition for a reward to make full use of it.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】