宋代的气象预报

发布时间：2018-03-15 03:12

本文选题：宋代　切入点：气象预报　出处：《河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：宋代气象预报分为朝廷、军队、官员个人和民间等系统。朝廷的气象预报主要由太史局、翰林天文院两个机构负责,气象变化以及预报,必须秘密报告皇帝。出于垄断气象观测、预报的需要,对相关的天文术数之类的人员也严加控制。宋代官方的气象预报颇有成绩,有时相当准确。军队另有一套气象预报,《武经总要》中的《天地日月星辰风云气候之式占候诀》5卷,就是古代军事气象的汇总。官员个人结合历代经验和个人经验,常常对未来气象做出自己的判断,预报朝廷在技术和政治方面予以应对。对一时一地社会生产、生活中真正起作用的,还是民间单纯、实用的气象预报。通俗易懂的气象谚语,大大普及了民众的气象知识和气象预报经验。宋代气象预报为社会生产、生活提供了可贵的预警,减轻了灾害带来的损失,保障着生命财产安全,其作用不可低估。
[Abstract]:The Song Dynasty meteorological forecast is divided into court, military, official, personal and folk systems. The meteorological forecast of the court is mainly the responsibility of the Taishi Bureau and the Hanlin Astronomical Institute. The emperor must be reported secretly. Due to the need to monopolize meteorological observation and forecast, he also strictly controlled the number of relevant astronomical figures. The official meteorological forecasts of the Song Dynasty were quite successful. Sometimes it is quite accurate. The army has another set of weather forecasts, and the five volumes of "Heaven, Earth, Sun, Moon, Star, Wind, Cloud and Climate" in the "Wujing General need" are a collection of ancient military meteorology. Officials and individuals have combined the experience of past dynasties with their personal experience. Often make their own judgment about the future weather, forecast the imperial court in the technical and political aspects to deal with. For a time, the social production, the real role in life, or folk simple, practical weather forecast. Easy to understand the weather proverbs, The Song Dynasty meteorological forecast provided valuable early warning for social production and life, reduced the losses caused by disasters, and ensured the safety of life and property, and its role should not be underestimated.
【作者单位】：河南大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：P456;K244

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