汉代道家生态思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:22

  本文选题：汉代　切入点：道家　出处：《华中师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,环境污染、生态失衡等生态问题日益凸现。作为中国传统文化重要组成部分的汉代道家,注重对人类生存问题的关怀,蕴涵着丰富而深刻的生态思想,对它的研究和利用有助于我们解决现代生态问题,具有不可低估的现实意义。本文采用历史学、生态学和生态哲学等多学科交叉的研究思路,借助于现代生态学,特别是西方生态伦理学的理(?),以现代的视角专题式对汉代道家生态思想进行了较深入挖掘和系统的梳理。 汉代道家生态思想体系的形成有着广泛而深刻的历史渊源。本文认为远古神话传说中的生态意识是道家生态思想的源头之一,如神人一体、图腾崇拜等思想,反映的正是先民原始的万物平等之生态意识。其次是先秦道家顺应自然的无为思想、物无贵贱的平等思想、知足寡欲的节俭思想、保护生物资源的环保思想、尊重生命的贵生思想、岂盼社会安宁的和平思想等等,这些内容是汉代道家生态思想的直接理论基础。此外,先秦儒家、墨家、法家等学派中的生态思想也是汉代道家生态思想的有益补充。 汉代道家生态思想建立在道家以“道”为宗的哲学基础之上。以“道”为宗的宇宙生成论衍生了生态思想中的万物平等观;天地人和谐的三气论提供了自然、社会、人类和谐发展的思想基础:以和为本的阴阳五行论奠定了生态发展的和谐平衡思想。 以现代的视角去审视汉代道家的生态思想,其内容较为丰富和全面。并且与现代生态思想具有一致性。这些思想包括:生态伦理思想,表现为尊重自然、尊重生命、尊重万物的传统:生态保护思想,表现为对人及万物生存环境的保护,对飞禽走兽、花鸟虫鱼等一切生命现象的保护,对生命所依赖的大地、土壤、山川和水源的保护以及对人类生存所需粮食等生活资源的重视;生态和谐思想,包括对自然界自身和谐的尊重、对人类自身和谐的重视和对人类与自然界和谐的追求;社会生态思想,汉代道家提倡社会消费的合理与平衡,反对奢侈消费;渴望人与社会、人与人之间公平发展,向往和倡导社会和平环境。 汉代道家生态思想不是理论悬置,而是广泛地根植于社会实践当中,对当时的社会产生了积极的影响。这些影响表现为:一是汉代法律政令中包含有很多生态保护的内容;二是生态观念贯穿在当时的农业生产实践中,道家顺应天地自然、注重天地人和谐的思想,在农业生产、应对自然灾害中起了良好的指导作用;三是对社会生活的影响。道家的贵生思想导致了汉代养生之风的盛行,道家养生理论的丰富、养生之术的发展不仅使汉代养生之风深入民间,而且使修炼成仙之风也大行其道,对道教的形成起到了推波助澜的作用。 在建设和谐社会和生态文明的今天,汉代道家生态思想仍然不失其借鉴意义,至少可以使我们在三个方面有所启示:有助于我们形成正确的自然观,有利于我们树立科学的发展观,有益于我们培养健康的人生观。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, environmental pollution, ecological imbalance and other ecological problems. As an important part of the traditional culture of the Han Dynasty Taoist Chinese, cares for the problem of human existence, contains rich ecological thoughts and profound, and the research on it will help us to solve ecological problems today, with reality the significance should not be underestimated. This paper uses the history, research ideas of interdisciplinary ecology and ecological philosophy, with the help of modern ecology, especially western ecological ethics from the perspective of Science (?), the special type of modern in-depth mining and systematic review of the Taoist ecological ideology of Han Dynasty.
Taoist ecological ideology of the Han Dynasty have a broad and deep historical origins. This paper argues that the ecological consciousness of the ancient myths and legends is one source of Taoist ecological ideology, such as theanthropism, totem worship thought, reflects the equality of all things primitive ecological consciousness. Second is the pre Qin Taoism inaction thought natural adaptation the thought of equality are equal, with stoic thought of economy, the protection of biological resources, the idea of environmental protection, respect for life is your thoughts, hope a peaceful society peace of mind and so on, these contents are direct theoretical basis of Han Dynasty Taoist ecological ideology. In addition, the pre Qin Confucian, Mohist, Legalist Thought and ecological beneficial supplement school is the Han Dynasty Taoist ecological ideology.
The Han Dynasty Taoist ecological ideology based on Taoist "Tao" as the philosophical basis of the above cases. Based on "Tao" in the universe of derivative things ecological thinking of the concept of equality; providing natural gas, three, on the harmonious society, the ideological foundation of the harmonious development of human beings: lay a harmonious balance thought of ecological development to the Yin Yang and the five elements theory.
In a modern perspective to examine the ecological thoughts of Taoism, its content is rich and comprehensive, and is consistent with modern ecological thoughts. These thoughts include: ecological ethics, show respect for nature, respect for life, respect for the traditional things: Thinking of ecological protection, and performance for the right protection, the living environment of all things for the protection of birds and animals, birds, fish and all life phenomena, lives depend on the land, soil and water protection, mountains and paying attention to food for the survival of human beings and other living resources; ecological harmony, including the harmony of the respect for the nature of human beings themselves, harmony of human and nature in harmony and attention pursuit; thought of social ecology, Taoism advocates social consumption reasonable and balanced against luxury consumption; for people and society, between people and equitable development, and promoting social yearning for A peaceful environment.
The Han Dynasty Taoist ecological ideology theory is not suspended, but widely rooted in social practice, has a positive impact on society at that time. These influences are: one is the legal decrees in Han Dynasty has many ecological protection content; the two is the ecological concept through agricultural production practice in the world, with Taoism the natural world, focusing on the idea of harmony, in agricultural production, played a good role in guiding to cope with natural disasters; the three is the impact on social life. Your health Taoist thought led to the health of the Han Dynasty vogue, Taoist health theory and the development of the health of the operation of the health of the Han Dynasty not only makes the wind deep the people, and make an immortal wind are also popular, contributed to the formation of Taoism.
鍦ㄥ缓璁惧拰璋愮ぞ浼氬拰鐢熸，

本文编号：1616411