明代的司务

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:04

本文选题：司务　切入点：司务厅　出处：《中国史研究》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：明代中央机构六部、都察院、大理寺均设司务厅,合称"八司厅"。司务厅各设司务二人,从九品,负责登记与转发文书,管理吏员及部院内部事务。作为首领官的司务,同时是堂上官的幕官,虽然品秩低微,但是职专任重。明初,司务多自国子监生选取;中期以后,司务一般要求拥有举人功名,或自举人考高等者中铨选,或由国子监、翰林院及地方儒学的低级官员升任。司务在九年考满或六年两考后,一般升任部曹官员,例升从五品的员外郎,遇高官举荐还可升任御史、知府、参政、佥事等官,因此被视为以举人出仕者的上升捷径。司务厅标志着明代中央机构内部事务管理的归并与统一,是古代国家机构的一大发展,也是近代以来办公厅的雏形。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Dynasty, there were six departments of the central organ, the capital court and the Dali Temple, all of which were divided into departments and offices, collectively called "eight departments and offices." the departments and offices each had two departments and two persons, each of whom were responsible for registering and forwarding documents, managing the internal affairs of officials and departments, and acting as chief officials. At the same time, he was also a curtain official of the Tang Shangguan, although his rank was low, but the duty was heavy. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was chosen by his children. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, he was generally required to have the name of a person, or to be elected by a senior high school candidate, or to be supervised by a national son. Hanlin Academy and the junior officials of local Confucianism were promoted. After nine years or six years of examination, the Department was generally promoted to the rank of Cao official of the Ministry. For example, he was promoted from a member of the Foreign Lang of five products. When recommended by a senior official, he could also be promoted to an official in the imperial history, to know the government, to participate in political affairs, and to act as a court official. As a result, it is regarded as a shortcut to the rise of officials. The Department of Administration and Office marked the integration and unification of the internal affairs management of the central organs in the Ming Dynasty, which was a major development of the ancient state institutions and the embryonic form of the general office since modern times.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所;
【分类号】：D691;K248

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