魏晋北朝河西走廊的民族结构与社会变动

发布时间：2018-03-20 12:50

本文选题：河西走廊　切入点：民族结构　出处：《兰州大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河西走廊历来就是各民族杂居之地。西汉统治河西以前,这里有塞种、乌孙、月氏、匈奴等少数民族栖息繁衍。汉武帝击败匈奴后,设置河西四郡,移民实边,这里成为以汉族为主、胡汉交融的地区。魏晋北朝是北中国民族结构变动最为剧烈的时期,河西走廊也不例外。曹魏王朝对河西统治较为薄弱,本土汉族大姓势力雄张,诸郡豪族割据自立,掀起动乱,同时卢水胡、羌等少数民族也纷起响应。魏晋时期,河西土著的氐、羌、卢水胡及休屠胡,纷纷东迁关中或南下西蜀；而鲜卑族则从东北迁徙到西北,尤其是秃发树机能领导的河西鲜卑,在西晋时掀起了历时较长的反抗斗争；一些西域胡人尤其是粟特人,因为经商贸易而来到河西。这与当时“五胡入华”的整体形势是相一致的。西晋末发生永嘉之乱,大量中原汉族流寓河西,使汉文化在河西地区得以延续,从而确保了汉文化在河西走廊的地位。十六国时期,前凉、西凉是汉族大姓建立的地方政权,尤其是前秦时期还迁徙了一万七千余户中原汉人来到河西西部。而从关陇西来的氐族、河西鲜卑及留居本土的卢水胡,在河西走廊分别建立了后凉、南凉与北凉王国。这一时期人口的掠夺性移动较强,前凉、后凉、北凉为中原王朝所灭后,许多凉州人户被徙出河西,尤其是北凉亡国后,凉州三万余家被迁往代北,沮渠氏余裔又裹挟了万余家进入西域,使得河西人口锐减,深刻地影响到北朝河西社会的变化。伴随着鲜卑族在河西走廊的统治,北朝时期许多漠北少数民族如匈奴、稽胡、高车等族纷纷南下,进入河西；由于北魏政府的西域招引政策,大量西域胡人东来中原,在河西走廊经商贸易,甚至定居营农,成为中原王朝的编户百姓。这样,在北朝时期的河西地区形成了新型的民族结构。这一时期,河西汉族大姓势力衰歇,不得不依附于鲜卑族的统治。
[Abstract]:The Hexi Corridor is always the ethnic place. Before the Western Han dynasty ruled the west, there is a plug, Wusun, Yuezhi, Huns and other ethnic minorities inhabitation. Han Dynasty defeated the Huns, set four counties in Hexi, immigrants, it mainly in the Han nationality, Hu Han blend area the Wei and Jin Dynasties is the most intense. The period for the North China national structure changes, the Hexi Corridor is no exception. The Cao Wei Dynasty in Hexi rule is relatively weak, the local Han surname Zhang Xiong Zhu Junhao forces, ethnic separatist unrest and self-reliance, set off, Lu Hu, Qiang and other ethnic minorities also flared up. The response of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Hexi native Di, Qiang, Lu water and Tuhu Hu Hugh, have moved eastward or southward in Guanzhong; while Xianbei is migrating from the northeast to the northwest, especially in the leadership of the Xianbei baldness tree function, set off a fight lasted longer in the Western Jin Dynasty; some Western barbarian especially Sogdian, because trade came to west. This was the "five overall situation of Hu Ruhua" is consistent. The Western Jin Dynasty occurred at the end of the chaos in Yongjia, a large number of Han nationality in the west, Chinese cultural continuity in the Hexi area, so as to ensure the status of Chinese culture in the Hexi corridor. In the period of sixteen, before the cool, is the local government to establish Han surname Xiliang, especially qianqin period also migrated ten thousand households more than 7000 han to the West from the Longxi to the West. The dizu and local residents, Hexi Xianbei Lu Hu, in the Hexi Corridor were established after the cold, cold and cold north south predatory kingdom. This period the population movement is strong, cool before, after the cold, cold North Central Plains Dynasty destroyed, many people in Liangzhou are a household migration West, especially north cold after the subjugation of Liangzhou more than thirty thousand, was moved to the north, Juqu's more than American and coerced into 10000 In the western regions, the west population, profoundly affects the change of the west society. Along with the Xianbei ruled in the Hexi Corridor, the Northern Dynasties many Mobei ethnic minorities such as the Huns, Ji Hu, Gaoche tribe fled south, West into the western region; because of the government's policy to attract a large number of East to West Hu. The Central Plains, the Hexi Corridor in trade, and even settled farmers, become the Central Plains Dynasty compiled people. Thus, the formation of the national new structure in Hexi area in the Northern Dynasties. During this period, West Han surname power failure, had to depend on the Xianbei rule.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K235

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