元朝俸禄制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:23

本文选题：元朝　切入点：俸禄制度　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 俸禄，通常是统治者根据所任官吏责权的大小，对其进行个人消费品分配的一种形式。俸禄的表现形式一般为货币与实物，辅以叫土地和劳动力等，是官吏的主要生活来源。它与字爵制度大体相对应，有爵才颁禄，有官即给俸；俸禄的等级数额与爵位的等级、品秩系列相对应并随着后者的变动而变动。元朝的俸禄制度是在官制、货币制度利财政税收制度建立和完善的过程中，吸收历代统治经验逐步建立起来的。元世祖时官吏已按品阶支取俸禄，经过多次整合利调整，至元二十二年建立比较完备的俸禄体系，以后俸禄支付方式的变化基本上以此为基础。元朝官吏的俸禄由俸钞、职田、俸米组成，支付方式以俸钱为主，以禄米和职田作为补充形式。朝官领取傣钱和俸米，外官领取俸钱和占有职田。内外各衙门的吏员俸禄与朝官相同。其中比较特别的是行省、宣慰司以及行台的官员，他们除了俸钱外，既无职田，，也无俸米。俸禄的货币化表明，元朝的俸禄制度已向专业化、成熟化方向发展，成为我国俸禄制度发展史上一个阶段性标志。职田制度发展到元朝，已经成为比较成熟、完备的政策，它在稳定官员收入、减少国家货币支出、降低通货膨胀率等方面起着一定的积极作用。傣米是在物价上涨已严重影响官吏生活水平的情况下政府所采取的补救措施。严格意义上说，元朝官吏的俸禄支付形式是：朝官、吏为俸钱，外官为俸钱与职田。地方官员普遍颁给职田，以补充在币值不稳定时官员的俸禄收入。武官俸禄依军队性质利所驻守地区不同而异。怯薛作为特权阶层，他们不依品支俸，一切开支由官府负担，由宣徽院按月支给，后来有所变化。元朝的致仕金制度基本因循了金朝的规定，但也有自己的特色。元朝官吏的支伟范围可分为三大体系：朝官与吏、外任有职田官员、军队系统，他们分别实施不同的俸禄标准。朝官利军队官员的俸钱，由国家财政直接负担，按月支付，地方官员的俸钱，从行省上缴中央的财赋中预扣，每月按支俸标准发放。综观元朝的俸禄制度，它的内发展历程也反映了元朝总体经济阶段性的差异和兴衰。不同发展时期的俸禄管理政策、俸禄结构、俸禄水平与支付形式各有自己的特点。
[Abstract]:"salary, usually a form in which the ruler allocates his personal consumer goods according to the size of the official's duty. The expression of the salary is generally monetary and material, supplemented by land and labor." It is the main source of life of officials. It is generally corresponding to the system of the word viscount, only when there is a viscount, the salary is given to the official; the amount of the rank of salary corresponds to and changes with the change of the rank of the rank and the series of the rank of the product. The salary and salary system of the Yuan Dynasty was gradually established in the process of establishing and perfecting the official system, the monetary system and the fiscal and taxation system, absorbing the ruling experience of the past dynasties. A relatively complete salary system was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and the changes in the way of paying salaries were basically based on it. The salaries of officials in the Yuan Dynasty were made up of banknotes, fields, and rice, and the payment was mainly based on salaries. Take Lumi and Voting Tian as supplementary forms. The Korean officials receive Dai money and the salary rice, the foreign officials receive the salary money and occupy the occupation farmland. The salaries and salaries of the officials inside and outside the government offices are the same as those of the Korean officials. Among them, the more special officials are the provinces, the consolation departments, and the officials in the line of business. Their monetization of neither field nor salary shows that the salary system of the Yuan Dynasty has developed in the direction of specialization and maturity. It has become a stage mark in the history of the development of the salaries and salaries system in China. When the vocational field system developed into the Yuan Dynasty, it has become a relatively mature and complete policy. It is stabilizing the income of officials and reducing the national monetary expenditure. Dai rice is a remedial measure taken by the government when the price rise has seriously affected the living standard of the officials. Strictly speaking, the salary payment of the officials in the Yuan Dynasty is in the form of: the government officials. Local officials were generally awarded to the field in order to supplement the salaries income of the officials when the value of the currency was unstable. The salaries of the military attache varied according to the nature of the army and their garrisons. Xue was regarded as a privileged class. They do not rely on their salaries, all expenses are borne by the government, by the Xuanhui Institute by the month to pay, and then changed. The Yuan Dynasty's system of official gold basically in accordance with the provisions of the Jin Dynasty, but also has its own characteristics. The scope of government officials in the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into three major systems: the officials and officials of the Yuan Dynasty, the officials in the field outside the post, and the military system, which respectively implement different standards of salaries and salaries. The salaries and money of the military officials of the Korean government and the benefit of the military are directly borne by the state finance and paid monthly. The salaries and money of local officials are withheld from the central government funds handed over to the central government by the provincial government, and are paid monthly in accordance with the pension standard. Looking at the salary system of the Yuan Dynasty, its internal development course also reflects the difference and rise and fall of the overall economic stage of the Yuan Dynasty. The management policy, the structure, the level and the form of payment of the salary in different development periods have their own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K247

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