先秦社祭研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:28

本文选题：先秦　切入点：社祭　出处：《武汉大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社祭是经学中的一个老问题,对于研究先秦时期的政治、经济、军事、社会生活、宗教信仰、民俗文化均具有重要意义。通过对先秦社祭的深入研究,本文具体讨论了一些新发现的问题。对学术界争论较为激烈的某些重要问题,文中也提出了新的见解。第一章,先秦社祭溯源。本章对社祭起源最具代表性的“图腾说”、“圣地说”、“生殖崇拜说”、“树木、森林说”等四种说法进行了评析。并指出这些说法的不足之处。然后从文字学、宗教学角度论证了先秦社祭起源于先民对土地本身的直接崇拜。第二章,社祭制度。本章依次讨论了社祭的社配、社主、社尸和祭法、祭品的演变等问题。殷人祭祀风俗还比较野蛮,用人为牲,较为常见。周代用人为牲则不多见,并且会遭到强烈的谴责,人的地位开始提高,统治者更重视德治。殷人比较重视祭品的丰厚,周人则比较重视祭祀的礼仪与礼义,而且天神、地示、人鬼都有一定的祭祀系统。句龙、大禹作为社配,是自然神逐步人化,英雄祖先逐步神化的结果。本章还讨论了社尸与人鬼之尸的区别,以及尸的内涵和为尸的条件。第三章,军社与亳社。本章详细论述周代与秦汉时期军社制度、军社作用的异同,认为其不同原因在于战争规模和特点发生了改变,宗教思想也发生了变化,周代军事征伐必祭社,汉代则祭太一、蚩尤。本章对商代亳之地望、亳社性质进行了分析,对“亳社”为“膏社”说提出了商榷意见,也对“周代亳社非亡国之社”说提出了质疑。第四章,后土、地主、稷、社、先农诸神关系辨析。本章论述了后土、地主与社的区别和联系,重新探讨了简文中的“后土”、“地主”、“宫后土”、“宫地主”、“野地主”的性质。对社、稷源流,社、稷关系,“社稷”合称问题进行了论述,讨论了大社、王社的所在位置,“社稷”合称起源的时间等问题。本章同时论述了先农与社、稷之间的区别。第五章,社祭的作用。社祭的政治、经济作用,鉴于已有学者作了翔实的论述,本文对此未作详论。本章侧重于论述社祭在民众日常生活、宗教信仰中的作用,前辈学者对此鲜有探讨,因而也是比较有意义的。结语部分则总结了本论文的主要观点。
[Abstract]:Social sacrifice is an old problem in the study of the Classics, which is of great significance to the study of politics, economy, military affairs, social life, religious belief and folk culture in the pre-Qin period. In this paper, some newly discovered problems are discussed in detail, and some new opinions are also put forward for some important problems which have been debated intensely in academic circles. The first chapter, the origin of the pre-Qin social sacrifice. This chapter of the origin of the most representative of the "Totem", "Holy Land", "Reproduction worship theory", "trees," In this paper, the author analyzes the four kinds of theories such as "forest theory" and points out their shortcomings. Then, from the perspective of philology and religion, the author proves that the social sacrifice of the pre-Qin period originated from the direct worship of the land itself by the people of the pre-Qin Dynasty. Chapter two, the system of social sacrifice. This chapter discusses in turn the social distribution of social sacrifice, the owner of the society, the body of the society and the method of sacrifice, and the evolution of sacrifice. The custom of offering sacrifices to the Yin people is still more barbaric, and it is more common to use people as animals, but it is seldom seen in the Zhou Dynasty. And will be strongly condemned, the status of human beings began to improve, the rulers attached more importance to the rule of virtue. The Yin people paid more attention to the abundance of sacrifices, while the Zhou people paid more attention to the etiquette and propriety of sacrificial sacrifices. People and ghosts all have a certain system of sacrifice. As social cooperation, sentence long and Dayu are the result of the gradual humanization of natural deities and the gradual deification of heroic ancestors. This chapter also discusses the differences between social corpses and human and ghost corpses, as well as the connotation of corpses and the conditions for them to be corpses. The third chapter, the military and the Bo society. This chapter discusses in detail the similarities and differences between the Zhou Dynasty and the Qin and Han dynasties, and thinks that the different reasons are that the scale and characteristics of the war have changed, and the religious thoughts have also changed. In this chapter, the author analyzes the nature of the Bo Society in the Shang Dynasty, and discusses the idea that "Bo Society" is the "ointment society". He also questioned the theory that the Bo Society of the Zhou Dynasty was not a society of subjugation. Chapter four, the relationship between the later soil, the landlord, the State, the Society and the first Peasant Gods. This chapter discusses the differences and relations between the later soil, the landlord and the co-operative. This paper reprobes into the nature of "hindland", "landlord", "palace hind earth", "palace landlord" and "wild landlord" in the brief works. It discusses the joint names of the co-operatives, the origin of the state, the relations between the society and the state, and the "social state", and discusses the collective names of the big co-operatives. At the same time, this chapter discusses the difference between the agriculture, the society and the state. Chapter V, the role of the social sacrifice, the political and economic role of the social sacrifice, in view of the scholars have made a detailed discussion of this, this chapter focuses on the role of social sacrifice in the daily life of the people, religious beliefs, Previous generations of scholars on this rarely discussed, and therefore more meaningful. The conclusion summarizes the main points of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K221

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