秦汉律令学

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:10

本文选题：律令　切入点：律令学　出处：《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 律令学是秦汉时期形成的一门以法律为主要研习对象的学问。秦汉律令学在学术上推动了法治思想与法律制度的健全与完善,在人才培养方面为秦汉社会造就了一大批谙熟法律知识、法律技能、法律思想的人才。秦汉律令学的研究具有历史与现实双重目的。一方面,从历史角度分析,对律令学的源流加以考辨可以清晰地认识秦汉时期法律及其学说的发展趋势,更为深入地考察这一时期法律文本及内容的流传,与此同时可以以点带面地深化秦汉史研究。另一方面,随着秦汉法律资料的出土,如何解读这些法律资料以及如何探讨秦汉时期人们对法律的认识以及实践都成为摆在学者面前的现实问题,而秦汉律令学的研究将有益于解决这些问题。本文的研究以史书记载与秦汉简牍为主要依据,结合先秦法家著作、秦汉诸子著作,汲取现代学术界的研究成果,力图构建一个律令学的研究体系。在研究中,本文本着唯物史观,采用二重证据法,同时将史学研究与现代政治学、法学理论相结合,扩展研究视角,以期对课题研究有所裨益。本文的研究主要把握两条线索,其一是律令学的源流,其二是秦汉律令学的传习内容、传承途径、明法选举以及“明习律令者”的家世、资历与政治形象等具体问题。本文共分为导言、正文和结语三大部分: 导言。笔者分别对本文的选题意义、研究价值、研究目的与方法进行了系统地阐述,着重对本课题的学术研究进行了回顾,并且对文中主要的“律令学”概念进行了定义和说明。正文共分为七章。第一章是秦汉律令学的渊源与形成。其一,笔者依据先秦史料,分别梳理了商鞅变法前法的内容、形式及其发展、流传,从而提出春秋时期晋国的成文法是商君之法的主要来源。其二,笔者论述了商鞅变法与秦国律令的关系,提出商鞅既是秦汉法律的始作俑者,又是律令学的开山鼻祖。第二章是秦汉律令学的演进与流变。本章以时间顺序纵向考察了秦汉律令学的演进历程与流变情况。根据不同时期律令学的具体情况,笔者分别论述了律令学发展的整体形势,分析了律令学演进的具体表现。以此为基础,笔者认为秦汉律令学历经秦汉时期的发展演进,不仅并未衰落,而且为魏晋以至唐宋律学奠定了坚实的基础。第三章是律令学传习的内容。本章对律令学所传习的刑名思想、法律文本与律说、法律技能、法律道德以及法史知识进行了梳理,并且举例说明了秦汉时期人们传习这些内容的具体事例。第四章是律令学的传习途径。笔者参考了前人的研究成果,将秦汉律令学的传习途径分为“以吏为师”、私学传习以及经、律兼修,并且分别进行了阐释。第五章是秦汉时期的明法选任制度。就秦代的通法选任制度而言,笔者分别从秦孝公颁布的“招贤令”、《商君书·定分》篇中的“法官法吏制”以及考课制度三个层面进行了考证,从而得出结论:秦的通法选任对明习律令者入仕为官而言是非常有利的。关于汉代的明法选任制度,笔者分别考述了汉初的贤良选举,“丞相四科”中的“明晓法令”科、“秀才三科”中的“明律令”科,“岁举治狱平”,“文吏能笺奏”,以及考课制度中关于“颇知律令”的考课等内容。由此提出汉代的明法选举和明法考课制度为明习律令者入仕和升迁创造了有利的条件,并且随着法官设置的不断完善,明习律令者可以出任的官职也因此增多。第六章是“明习律令者”的家世、资历与政治形象。本章经过分析得出结论:其一,“明习律令者”的家世,上至君主帝王,下至吏民,是一个规模庞大的群体;其二,在秦汉政治发展的进程中,律令之学对官吏的仕途有着深刻的影响,但是律令学并不能满足官吏仕宦的各种需求;其三,“明习律令者”以入仕为官者居多,尤以改革家、法学家、文吏、思想家为典型的政治形象。第七章是律令学的特点、影响与局限。其中,律令学以“务为治”、普及性和功利性为突出的特点,对秦汉时期的学术、政治、社会产生了积极的影响。与此同时,由于律令学对政治的依赖性、对个人能力的提倡存在道德误区以及受文教政策的影响而导致地位变化,因此在发展演进的过程中出现了起伏和波动。结语对本文关于律令学的研究进行了总结,分别就选题的重要性、律令学与经学的关系以及律令学在中国古代法学史上的地位进行了阐发。
[Abstract]:Law is a Han Dynasty formed by law as the main study object of learning. The study of LV Ling Xue in the academic promotion of legal theory and legal system to improve and perfect the culture, created a large number of familiar with the legal knowledge, as in the Qin and Han Dynasties legal talent skills, legal thought of talents.
Study on Qin LV Ling Xue has historical and realistic dual purpose. On the one hand, the analysis from the angle of history, the origin of law science to study can clearly understand the development trend of the Qin and Han Dynasties and its legal theory, spread more in-depth study of the legal text and content of this period, at the same time to deepen the study of Qin and Han Dynasty. On the other hand, with the Qin and Han Dynasties unearthed documents, how to interpret these data and how to explore the law of Qin and Han Dynasty people's understanding of law and practice have become a realistic problem in front of academics, research and study of LV Ling Xue will be beneficial to solve these problems.
This paper studies on the historical records and bamboo slips of Qin and Han Dynasty as the main basis, combined with the pre Qin legalist writings, Qin philosophers writings, learn the research achievements of modern academic circles, tries to construct a study system of law schools. In the research, this text with historical materialism, by the double evidence law, the history research of modern politics. The combination of legal theory, extends the research perspective, which is helpful to the research.
This paper mainly grasp two clues, one is the origin of law science, the teaching content, the learning way of inheritance law in Qin and Han Dynasties, Ming Ming Xi and election law law "of the family, seniority and political image and other specific issues. This paper consists of introduction, text and conclusion three parts:
Introduction. The author of this paper research significance, research value, research purpose and methods was systematically expounded, focuses on the academic research of this topic is reviewed, and the main "law school" concept are defined and explained.
The text is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter is the origin and formation of the Qin and Han Dynasties of LV Ling Xue. First, according to the historical data, the method before Shang Yang reform contents were combing, form and development, spread, thus put forward the statute in the spring and Autumn period is the main source of Jin Shang law. Secondly, the author discusses the relationship between the reform of Shang Yang and Qin law this is the law of Qin and Han Dynasties, Shang Yang is the initiator of evil, the first person to learn the law.
The second chapter is the evolution and development of school regulations in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In this chapter, the time sequence of longitudinal study of evolution and change of Qin Han law schools. According to the specific circumstances of LV Ling Xue in different periods, the author discusses the legal science development overall situation, analyzes the concrete manifestation of law science evolution. Based on this, the author thinks that the development of law education in Qin and Han Dynasties of Qin and Han Dynasty, not only did not decline, but also laid a solid foundation for the Wei Jin and Tang temperament.
The third chapter is the biography of LV Ling Xue content. This chapter of the law science education legal thoughts, legal texts and legal skills, legal law, morality and law knowledge are summarized, and examples of specific examples of people in Qin and Han Dynasties biography of the content.
The fourth chapter is the traditional way of LV Ling Xue. The author made reference to previous research results, the training way of study of LV Ling Xue is divided into "the history", and the private school law school, and, and are interpreted. The fifth chapter is the Qin and Han Dynasty Ming method selection system. The selection method of the Qin Dynasty system, the author from the promulgation of "Xiao Zhao Xian", "Shang Jun Shu, set the" article in the "law of judge of official system and examination system of the three aspects of research, and comes to the conclusion that the method of selection of Qin Ming Xi law official who is good Han Ming. A method selection system, the author studies the early Han virtuous election," prime minister "in four," Xiao Ming act "," scholar three "in the" law "," years of Prison Administration for peace "," Wenli can play, and the letter "on the system of "Quite know the law" and so on. The Han Dynasty and Ming Ming electoral law law examination system to create favorable conditions for the people who studied laws and decrees and official promotion, and as a judge set of continuous improvement, Mingxi law can serve as the official also increased.
The sixth chapter is "Ming Xi law" of the family, seniority and political image. This chapter draws a conclusion through analysis: first, "Ming Xi law" of the family, to the emperor, down to the people, is a large scale group; secondly, in the process of political development in the Qin and Han Dynasties, law the school has a profound impact on the official career, but the law university cannot satisfy the various needs of political officials; thirdly, "Ming Xi law" to the official majority, especially in the reformer, the jurist, Wen Li, thinker is a typical political image.
The seventh chapter is the characteristics of law science, influence and limitations. Among them, the "Wu LV Ling Xue as a rule, the popularity and utility for the outstanding characteristics of politics in Qin and Han Dynasties, academic, has a positive impact on society. At the same time, due to the dependence of Political Science law, advocating for individual ability there are ethical problems and the influence of educational policy due to the change of status, so in the course of development appeared in the ups and downs.
The conclusion summarizes the research on the law school, are topics of importance, and through the study of the relationship between law science and law science in ancient law China history status were analyzed.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K233

【引证文献】