中国古代车战没落的原因

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:14

本文选题：车战　切入点：战车　出处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年11期

【摘要】：西周、春秋时,车战是作战的主要形式,战车数量往往是衡量国力的重要指标。战国以降,车战逐渐没落,汉以后战争中的车辆多用于运输辎重与环卫营地。文章分析了车战退出历史舞台的原因。首先是车战自身的局限:如只适合开阔地作战、机动性差;其次,车战战斗方式特殊:车战无论在编伍还是在对阵中,都有一定规则,需作战双方共同遵守,实与"兵者诡道"的战争本质不相适应;再次,车战编伍中步兵作用的增强,以及战国初骑兵的出现,使战车更加相形见绌;最后,战国之际宗法制度、礼乐文明的崩解,彻底破坏了车战规则,而战争观念的转变,战斗目的的变化,更加速了车战的没落。
[Abstract]:In the Western Zhou Dynasty, in the Spring and Autumn period, vehicle warfare was the main form of combat, and the number of chariots was often an important indicator of national strength.During the warring States period, the chariot war gradually fell, and the vehicles in the war after Han Dynasty were mostly used to transport provisions and sanitation camps.This paper analyzes the reasons for the withdrawal of the car war from the historical stage.The first is the limitations of the vehicle warfare itself: if it is only suitable for open ground operations, the mobility is poor; secondly, the vehicle warfare has a special way of fighting: there are certain rules in vehicle warfare, both in composition and in confrontations, which should be observed by both sides of the fighting.In fact, the nature of the war is not compatible with the "warmongers' paradox"; thirdly, the enhancement of the role of infantry in the compilation of chariots and the emergence of the early cavalry in the warring States period make the chariots more dwarfed. Finally, the patriarchal system and the disintegration of ritual and music civilization during the warring States period.Completely broke the rules of car warfare, and the change in the concept of war, the change of purpose, accelerated the decline of car warfare.
【作者单位】：中国国家博物馆;
【分类号】：K22;E291

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