试析明中后期政府灾害应对能力的嬗变——以正德、万历间两次水灾政府应对的比较为视角

发布时间：2018-04-16 15:07

本文选题：明中后期 + 灾害史　；参考：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：正德十一年湖广大水和万历二十一年河南大水灾,无论是灾情还是政府应对,在明代灾荒史上均具有代表性和典型性。两次水灾的灾损情况、报勘程序、主赈形式、救灾措施基本相类。但正德水灾急赈迅速有力、报勘及时规范、救灾钱粮筹集较易,应对效果良好;万历水灾政府重视不够、急赈迟缓不力、救灾钱粮筹集困难,应对效果不佳。通过对两次水灾政府应对的比较可以看出,随着明中后期王朝政治的日益浑沌、财政的渐趋困窘、救荒机制的趋于僵化,政府灾害危机应对能力呈现出下降的趋势,体现在救灾责任主体缺位、救灾抚民意识淡漠、赈济能力下降、救灾效率降低等多个方面。这些虽是灾害危机应对中的问题,却是明中后期王朝衰落的真实写照。
[Abstract]:The flood of Huguang in 11 years in Zhengde and Henan in 21 years of Wanli is representative and typical in the history of famine in Ming Dynasty, whether it is disaster situation or government response.The disaster and loss of the two floods, the reporting procedure, the main relief form, and the disaster relief measures are basically similar.However, the flood relief in Zhengde is quick and effective, and it is timely and standardized, and it is easy to raise money and grain for disaster relief, and the response effect is good; the government of Wanli flood does not pay enough attention to the flood, the emergency relief is slow and ineffective, and it is difficult to raise money and grain for disaster relief.Through the comparison of the two flood responses, it can be seen that with the increasing chaos in the politics of the late Ming Dynasty, the financial embarrassment, the ossification of the relief mechanism, the ability of the government to deal with the disaster crisis shows a downward trend.It is reflected in the absence of the main body of disaster relief responsibility, the indifference of disaster relief awareness, the decline of relief ability and the decrease of disaster relief efficiency.Although these are the problems in the disaster crisis, they are the true portrayal of the decline of the late Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】：河南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：2012年河南省社科规划项目“明代水旱灾害与粮食安全问题研究”(2012CLS005) 2011年河南省高等院校青年骨干教师资助项目(2011GGJS-069) 2010年河南师范大学青年骨干教师资助项目(521)
【分类号】：X4;K248

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