论北魏六镇经济与六镇暴动的原因

发布时间：2018-04-16 19:02

本文选题：北魏 + 六镇暴动　；参考：《中国社会经济史研究》2014年03期

【摘要】：六镇经济所需的近半数物资,要靠北魏国家输送供应。起初,北魏是通过向六镇将士班赐牲畜等战利品的形式,向六镇输送大量物资。北魏统一北方后,征服战争逐渐减少,北魏开始跨地域向六镇运输物资。至献文帝时,北魏开始靠以平城为中心,州镇众多粮仓为节点,由官僚体系调运,由河北等地小农承担的物资运输体系,向六镇输送物资。南迁洛阳后,为与南朝进行长期军事对峙,北魏将河北大量物资南运,造成输往六镇的物资骤减,对六镇经济构成巨大冲击。权势豪帅为维护自身经济利益,大肆强占掠夺六镇少量的经济资源。这使六镇权势豪帅与广大镇民之间原有的经济矛盾迅速激化。而北魏为缓和六镇经济社会矛盾,所采取的遣使巡视、整顿吏治、赈济灾害、大规模筑城置戍等措施,不仅没成效,反而加重了六镇的经济和社会危机。北魏末年,随着河北小农经济的衰退,国家财政的破产,官僚体系的贪污腐败,北魏向六镇输送少量物资的体系也无法维系。因此,六镇暴动是北魏国家输往六镇物资剧减,引发六镇经济和社会崩溃所致。其性质是六镇豪帅镇民为生存而展开的抗暴斗争,而非反汉化。
[Abstract]:Nearly half of the economic needs of the six towns were supplied by the Northern Wei state.At first, the Northern Wei delivered a large quantity of goods to the six towns through the form of booty such as soldiers and animals.After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north, the war of conquest gradually decreased, and the Northern Wei began to transport goods to the six towns.To Xianwen Emperor, the Northern Wei Dynasty began to rely on Pingcheng as the center, many granaries in the state and town as the node, transferred by the bureaucracy, and transported to the six towns by small farmers in Hebei and other places.After moving south to Luoyang, in order to carry on the long-term military confrontation with the Southern Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty transported a large amount of Hebei materials to the south, resulting in a sharp decrease in the supplies exported to the six towns, which had a huge impact on the economy of the six towns.In order to safeguard his own economic interests, the powerful commander seized and plundered a small amount of economic resources in six towns.This made the six towns between the powerful commander and the masses of the town between the original economic contradictions quickly intensified.In order to ease the economic and social contradictions of the six towns, the Northern Wei Dynasty adopted measures such as dispatching inspection, rectifying the administration of officials, providing relief for the disaster, and building a large scale city and garrison, which not only failed, but aggravated the economic and social crisis of the six towns.In the last years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, with the decline of the small peasant economy in Hebei, the bankruptcy of the state finance and the corruption of the bureaucracy, the system of transporting a small amount of materials to the six towns in the Northern Wei Dynasty could not be maintained.Therefore, the six towns riots were caused by the collapse of economy and society in the Northern Wei Dynasty.Its nature is the town of six towns to survive the anti-riot struggle, not anti-Sinicization.
【作者单位】：江苏师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“5-6世纪北边六镇豪强酋帅社会地位演变研究(11CZS022)”系列成果江苏省教育厅“青蓝工程”(编号12QLG005)资助
【分类号】：K239.21

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