清代《尚书》学若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 23:23

本文选题：清代 + 《尚书》学　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：《尚书》作为儒家经典之一,历代学者不断为之故、训、传、说。到清代,《尚书》学研究进入一个新的阶段,无论在研究的深度和广度上,还是在研究的思想和方法上,都是以前各朝代无法比拟的；而且今人在研究《尚书》时,也都不能不考察清代《尚书》学的研究成果,作为自身研究的起点。清代《尚书》学的演变与清代学术思想的变迁紧密联系在一起。明清鼎革,使一大批士人在反思明亡的教训中,把矛头指向王明心学。在这样的背景下,《尚书》研究的重心是反思蔡沈《书集传》给学界带来的影响；最为重要的成果,是把东晋梅赜所上古文《尚书》中二十五篇定为伪书。到乾嘉时期,考据思想主导着学界,《尚书》辨伪学者的重心是探寻二十八篇真古文《尚书》的意蕴。到晚清时期,清廷面临内忧外患,经世致用思想再次激起波澜,《尚书》学研究的旨趣发生转变,在今文经学的主导下,《尚书》辨伪不仅在于它的学术意义,而且是清儒面对世变而作出的应急反应。清儒中以阎若璩为代表的辨伪派和以毛奇龄为代表的证实派,对古文《尚书》的传承系统展开争论,其大旨在于证明各自传承体系的合法性。两派辩论的焦点是东晋梅赜所上古文《尚书》中的二十五篇的真伪,他们主要围绕二十五篇的篇目篇数、文体格制、文献来源等议题进行激烈辩论。通过这些辩论,虽然两派都难以拿出有力的证据说服对方,但是使东晋梅赜所上古文《尚书》存在的争议问题更加明晰,使后人更清楚的看到问题的根结。辨伪派和今文学家均在追寻晚书的作者。这二十五篇虽然被多数人否定,但是其思想的合理内核,并没有因为两派学者的辩论而丧失,两派都在不同程度上探讨了二十五篇的思想价值。有清一代,整个长江中下游流域是粮食的主产区,呈现“湖广熟,天下足”的格局。同时在战略上,长江中下游是南北交通的交集区,而这个地区水灾也不断发生。清代《尚书》研究学者对长江中下游的水道问题的关注,集中表现在对三江、九江地望的考论。他们通过梳理三江、九江地望的历史沿革,试图找到二大地望的具体方位,以便解决当时社会的需要。清朝是传统学术总结的重要时代,对《尚书》的辑佚和历代经解的汇编恰恰反映出这个时代儒学的基本走向。清儒《尚书》辑佚和经解汇编不仅在总结学术,而且把辑佚、汇编与学术研究结合起来,又与社会思潮的变迁联系在一起,体现出强烈的时代性。
[Abstract]:Shang Shu, as one of the Confucian classics, has been taught, preached and said by scholars of all dynasties. By the Qing Dynasty, the study of Shangshu had entered a new stage. The depth and breadth of the study, as well as the thought and method of the study, were incomparable to those of the previous dynasties. It is also necessary to examine the research results of Shangshu in Qing Dynasty as the starting point of its own research. The evolution of Shang Shu in Qing Dynasty is closely related to the change of academic thought in Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of scholars pointed their spearhead at Wang Mingxin in reflecting on the lessons of the Ming Dynasty. Under this background, the focus of the study of Shang Shu is to reflect on the influence that Cai Shen has brought to the academic circle, and the most important achievement is to make 25 articles in the ancient prose "Shang Shu" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty as a false book. By the Qianjia period, textual research thought dominated the academic circle, and the focus of the scholars was to explore the meaning of 28 true ancient writings. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty faced with internal and external troubles, the thought of applying the world to the world again stirred up waves, and the purport of the study of "Shang Shu" changed again. Under the guidance of the modern literary classics, the identification of the "Shang Shu" was not only due to its academic significance. Moreover, it was an emergency response of the Qing Confucianism to the change of the world. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoqu as the representative of the false school and Mao Qiling as the representative of the confirmative school, the ancient prose "Shang Shu" inheritance system, the main purpose is to prove the legitimacy of their inheritance system. The focus of the debate between the two schools is the authenticity of the 25 articles in the ancient prose "Shang Shu" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. They mainly focus on the number of titles of 25 articles, the system of literary physique, and the sources of documents, and so on. Through these debates, it is difficult for both schools to come up with strong evidence to convince each other, but to make the dispute in the ancient prose "Shang Shu" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty more clear, so that future generations can see the root of the problem more clearly. Both counterfeiters and today's writers are looking for the author of the late book. Although the 25 articles have been denied by the majority, the rational core of their thoughts has not been lost because of the debate between the two schools of scholars. Both schools have discussed the ideological value of 25 articles in varying degrees. The whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were the main grain producing areas in Qing Dynasty. At the same time, strategically, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are an intersection of traffic between the north and the south, and floods continue to occur in this area. In the Qing Dynasty, scholars paid attention to the waterway problems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. By combing the historical evolution of Sanjiang and Jiujiang, they tried to find out the specific position of the two landmarks in order to solve the needs of the society at that time. Qing Dynasty is an important era of traditional academic summary. The collection of Shang Shu and the compilation of ancient classics exactly reflect the basic trend of Confucianism in this era. The lost book of Shang Shu of the Qing Dynasty and the compilation of the classics not only summarize the academic, but also combine the collection, compilation and academic research, and also relate to the change of the social trend of thought, which reflects the strong character of the times.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】