重谈洪武时期的倭患

发布时间：2018-04-22 03:32

本文选题：洪武时期 + 倭患　；参考：《古代文明》2013年03期

【摘要】：洪武时期以日本为基地的倭寇侵扰中国边境事件连续发生,对明朝国家安全和东部及东南从辽东到广东沿海漫长数千里区域民生造成严重威胁。这种威胁自元朝已经开始,不是由于明朝"禁海"而招致倭寇,而是倭寇持续侵扰而致明朝强化沿海地区武备与管理。洪武初期积极与日本南朝交涉,以求通过建立朝贡关系,形成中日和平、倭寇止息的稳定格局。但明朝在了解日本南北两政权皆在权臣控制下的局面以及交涉本身受挫后,转为消极外交,积极防御。在充分考虑洪武时期倭寇所造成的国家安全威胁及积极外交遭受挫折的背景下,可以看到洪武时期的所谓"海禁",是从属于其防御倭寇军事举措的政令,并非立意封闭国家海岸线,也不是为了禁绝对外贸易。洪武时期对外贸易仍以多种方式在多个方向发生,当时民间海外贸易也并未遭政府绝对禁止。洪武时期的御倭、对日外交努力皆理路清晰。
[Abstract]:In Hongwu period, the Japanese aggressors invaded the Chinese border continuously, which posed a serious threat to the national security of Ming Dynasty and the people's livelihood of the eastern and southeast areas from Liaodong to Guangdong coastal areas for thousands of miles. This threat began in Yuan Dynasty, not because of the "prohibition of sea" caused by Japanese aggressors, but because of the continued invasion of Japanese aggressors to strengthen the military preparedness and management of coastal areas in the Ming Dynasty. Hongwu actively negotiated with the Japanese Southern Dynasty in the early years in order to form a stable pattern of peace between China and Japan and the cessation of Japanese aggression through the establishment of tributary relations. However, the Ming Dynasty turned to passive diplomacy and active defense after understanding the situation in which the two regimes in Japan's north and south were under the control of power and ministers, as well as the frustration of the negotiations themselves. After fully considering the threat to national security caused by Japanese aggressors in Hongwu period and the setbacks in active diplomacy, we can see that the so-called "sea ban" in Hongwu period is subordinate to its policy of defending the Japanese aggressors. It is not intended to close the country's coastline, nor to ban foreign trade. In Hongwu period, foreign trade still occurred in many ways in many directions. At that time, folk overseas trade was not strictly prohibited by the government. Hongwu period of Japan, diplomatic efforts to Japan are clear.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“15至19世纪世界变迁中的中国社会发展模式研究”(项目批号:09BZS004)成果之一
【分类号】：K248

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