汉魏至南北朝时期郊祀制度问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:15

本文选题：“体”与“制” + “大传统”与“小传统”　；参考：《福建师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 本研究以郊祀为切入点,以汉魏至南北朝八百余年的皇帝亲祠和郊祀制度建设为研究对象,阐释了汉魏至南北朝时期郊祀制度从萌芽、发展到走向成熟的整个过程。首先,本文在引征大量有关“郊祀”的经学资料的基础上,从字源学和文献学角度探讨郊祀制度的内在要素,旨在说明郊祀制度深受不同时期经学家们诠释的影响。经学家们对祀神体系、郊坛形制、祭祀方位、牺牲、礼器等问题的学术探讨,一方面使得儒学逐步制度化,另一方面,使得郊祀作为实践性很强的帝王祭祀天地的行为不断的规范化。其次,本文在大量的个案分析基础上,以皇帝亲祠和郊祀制度建设为研究对象,以“体”与“制”为框架,借用雷德斐尔德“大传统”与“小传统”概念解读了这一时期的郊祀制度。认为汉魏时期皇帝的郊祀有两条线索:其一,是在祥瑞、图谶、神仙、方术等这些“小传统”思想的推动下发生的郊祀。其二,是向儒家礼学“大传统”回归下发生的的郊祀。这两条线索下的郊祀经过两晋、南北朝,在礼学(郑学与王学)的整肃下,构成一种相对成熟的制度,最终被纳入到儒学五礼体系之中,成为礼仪制度的重要内容之一。可以说,汉魏至南北朝时期的郊祀制度在整个封建社会的郊祀制度的流变中占有重要地位。再次,本文阐释了汉魏至南北朝时期郊祀制度演化的三个方面原因:其一,出于对政权合法性塑造的需要;其二,皇帝本人的主导作用;其三,儒学今、古文学术争论的推导作用。最后,本文总结汉魏至南北朝时期郊祀制度的四个特点:皇帝专断郊祀;具有鲜明的等级差别;神权依附于政权;郊祀制度的多元性。
[Abstract]:This research takes the suburb sacrifice as the breakthrough point, taking the emperor's ancestral hall and the system construction of the suburb worship for more than 800 years from the Han and Wei dynasties to the Southern and Northern dynasties as the research object, explains the whole process of the suburb worship system from the bud to the maturity in the Han Wei and the Southern and Northern dynasties. First of all, on the basis of introducing a large number of Confucian classics about "Jiao Si", this paper probes into the internal elements of the system from the angle of character source science and philology, in order to explain that the system of suburban sacrifice is deeply influenced by the interpretation of the scholars in different periods. The scholarly discussion of the system of worship to gods, the system of worship, the shape of the altar, the location of sacrifice, sacrifice, ritual objects and so on, on the one hand, has made Confucianism gradually institutionalized, on the other hand, As a strong practice of emperor sacrifice to heaven and earth behavior standardization. Secondly, on the basis of a large number of case studies, this paper takes the construction of the emperor's ancestral hall and the system of the suburb worship as the research object, and takes "style" and "system" as the framework. Based on the concepts of "big tradition" and "small tradition" of Redfield, this paper interprets the system of suburban sacrifice in this period. It is believed that there are two clues to the emperor's suburban sacrifice in the Han and Wei dynasties: first, it happened under the promotion of Xiangrui, picturesque prophecies, immortals, Fangshu and so on. Second, it is to the Confucian ritual "big tradition" under the return of suburban worship. After two Jin dynasties and the Southern and Northern dynasties, these two clues constituted a relatively mature system under the purge of Rites (Zheng Xue and Wang Xue), and were eventually incorporated into the five Rites system of Confucianism, which became one of the important contents of the etiquette system. It can be said that the system of suburban worship played an important role in the evolution of the feudal society during the Han and Wei dynasties to the Southern and Northern dynasties. Thirdly, this paper explains the three reasons for the evolution of the system of suburb worship in the Han and Wei dynasties to the Southern and Northern dynasties: first, for the need of shaping the legitimacy of the regime; second, the dominant role of the emperor himself; third, the Confucianism today, The derivation function of the academic argument of ancient prose. Finally, this paper summarizes the four characteristics of the system of suburban worship during the Han and Wei dynasties to the Southern and Northern dynasties: the emperor arbitrary suburban sacrifice; has a distinct grade difference; the divine right depends on the regime; and the system of suburban worship is pluralistic.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K235

【引证文献】