疫病与两宋东南社会

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:43

本文选题：两宋东南社会与疫病 + 影响　；参考：《南京师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文选取两宋东南地区作为一个研究区域，着重探讨疫病的流行与社会的关系，笔者通过制作图表统计得出：疫病在这一地区流行100多次，具有季节性、区域性等特点。这与两宋东南地区独特的自然环境与社会环境相关，特别是与灾荒、战争、饥荒有着极为密切的联系。笔者统计，水灾直接引发疫病的流行共有7次，占疫病爆发总数的7％，旱灾直接引发疫病的流行共5次，，占疫病爆发总数的5％，战争直接引发疫病的流行共有8次，占疫病爆发总数的6％，饥荒直接引发疫病的流行共有16次，占疫病爆发总数的15％。疫病的流行所带来的损失远远不只是尸体遍地和大量的财产化为乌有，直接影响着政治、经济和文化领域的方方面面，更是对于民众的心态和社会秩序带来了极大的冲击。面对着疫病的流行，政府采取了许多措施，包括求神祈祷、打击巫觋，颁布医方、施医送药，设置医疗救济机构，改善公共环境等，控制疫病的蔓延。政府的这些措施，在疫病的救助过程中起了主导作用。然而政府所实施的救济活动更多地体现为一种仁政，虽然常设性救济机构已经建立并在社会上运行，但是官僚机构的效率低下以及强势阶层的干预，使这些机构在运转中有时会出现扭曲，再加上地方上财政的匮乏，因此政府所实施的救济活动不可能完全满足民众的需要。而民间的救助活动，在一定程度上可以弥补政府力量上的缺陷，有效缓解了疫病的蔓延。当然疫病的救助，离不开民众和医学家的参与，随着城市和乡村两种户口的出现，民众在城市和农村的医疗救济模式也迥然不同。同时医学家们不仅参与了疫病的救治工作，还在疫病理论上取得了一定的成就。需要指出的是，疫病作为两宋东南地区生态体系的一个重要组成部分，在一定意义上来讲，它有效地调节着两宋东南地区的生态坏境。
[Abstract]:This paper selects the southeast area of Song Dynasty as a research area, and probes into the relationship between epidemic disease and society. By making charts and statistics, the author draws the conclusion that epidemic disease is prevalent in this area more than 100 times, with the characteristics of seasonality and regionality. This is closely related to the unique natural environment and social environment in the southeast of Song Dynasty, especially to famine, war and famine. According to the author's statistics, the total number of epidemics directly caused by floods is 7, accounting for 7 of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, the number of epidemics directly caused by drought is 5, accounting for 5 of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, and the total number of epidemics directly triggered by war is 8. It accounts for 6 times of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases, 16 times of which are directly caused by famine, accounting for 15 times of the total number of outbreaks of epidemic diseases. The loss caused by epidemic disease is not only the loss of corpses everywhere and a great deal of property, but also has a direct impact on all aspects of politics, economy and culture, and also has a great impact on the public mentality and social order. Faced with the epidemic of epidemic disease, the government has taken many measures, including praying for God, cracking down on wizard, promulgating medical prescription, dispensing medicine, setting up medical relief organization, improving public environment, and controlling the spread of epidemic disease. These measures by the government have played a leading role in the relief of the epidemic. However, the relief activities carried out by the government are more embodied in a kind of benevolent government. Although permanent relief organizations have been established and run in society, the bureaucracy is inefficient and the strong class interferes. These institutions are sometimes distorted in their operation, combined with a lack of local finances, so that the relief activities implemented by the Government cannot fully meet the needs of the population. The folk relief activities, to a certain extent, can make up for the shortcomings of the government, and effectively alleviate the spread of the epidemic. Of course, the relief of epidemic disease can not be separated from the participation of people and medical scientists. With the emergence of urban and rural hukou, the modes of medical relief in urban and rural areas are also very different. At the same time, the medical experts not only participated in the treatment of epidemic disease, but also made some achievements in the theory of epidemic disease. It should be pointed out that the epidemic disease is an important part of the ecological system in the southeast of Song Dynasty. In a certain sense, it effectively regulates the ecological environment of the southeast region of the two Song dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K244

【参考文献】