鄂尔多斯高原西南部清代旱灾研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 13:12

本文选题：清代 + 干旱灾害　；参考：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年08期

【摘要】：通过对鄂尔多斯高原西南部文献资料的搜集整理,研究了该区清代(1644~1911年)旱灾等级、年际变化、周期及成因等问题。结果表明:在清代(1644~1911年)的268年里,鄂尔多斯高原西南部共发生旱灾77次,平均3.48a发生1次。其中轻度旱灾、中度旱灾、大旱灾和特大旱灾各发生4次、65次、5次和3次,主要为中度旱灾,其他等级旱灾发生较少。研究区旱灾可分5个阶段,其中1644-1729年、1780-1809年、1860-1911年为旱灾少发阶段,1730-1779年、1810-1859年为旱灾多发阶段。总体来看,从清代早期到晚期,旱灾发生频次呈现增加的趋势。该区清代旱灾有4a、10a左右的短周期,30a左右的中周期和63a左右的长周期。研究区清代处于干冷气候期,年降水量减少和降水季节分配不均是发生旱灾的主要原因。研究区清代发生了3次干旱气候事件,分别在1757~1759年、1877~1878年和1908~1910年间,干旱气候事件对人们的生活和社会造成了严重危害。
[Abstract]:Based on the collection and collation of the documents in the southwest of Ordos Plateau, this paper studies the drought grade, interannual variation, cycle and origin of drought in the Qing Dynasty (1644 ~ 1911). The results show that there were 77 droughts in the southwest of Ordos Plateau during the 268 years from 1644 to 1911 in the Qing Dynasty, with an average of 3. 48 years. Among them, mild drought, moderate drought, severe drought and severe drought occurred 4 times 65 times, 5 times and 3 times respectively, mainly moderate drought. The drought in the study area can be divided into five stages, among which, 1644-1729, 1880-1809, 1860 to 1911, the stage of low incidence of drought, 1730-1779 and 1810-1859, are the drought-prone stages. In general, from the early Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the frequency of drought increased. The drought in Qing Dynasty has a short period of 30 years or so and a long period of 63 years or so. In Qing Dynasty, the main causes of drought are the decrease of annual precipitation and the uneven distribution of precipitation season. There were three dry climatic events in Qing Dynasty in the study area, which occurred in 1757 ~ 1759 and 1908 ~ 1910, respectively, and caused serious harm to people's life and society.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院;中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD097) 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG1214)资助
【分类号】：P426.616;K249

【参考文献】