美洲粮食作物的传入、传播及其影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 17:23

本文选题：美洲粮食作物 + 传入　；参考：《南京农业大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 明清时期，随着人口的快速增长，粮食短缺问题日益严重。在这样的社会背景下，美洲高产粮食作物玉米、番薯、马铃薯于明中叶陆续传入我国，为我国粮食问题的解决发挥了重要作用。本文以这三种作物为中心，探讨从明中叶至民国时期，它们在我国的引入、传播及利用，并重点研究它们产生的巨大影响。玉米、番薯、马铃薯这三种美洲粮食作物的传入途径历来众说纷纭，，难以定论。本文以明清时期地方志资料和农史典籍记载为依据，分析归纳了各条路线的传入历程，并分区域考察了它们在我国的传播情况，总结出其传播分布基本特征。又详细介绍了我国劳动人民对这些作物的多种利用方式，揭示了它们对我国人民生活和农业生产的重要性。这三种作物的传入和推广对我国的影响是多方面的，一是对农业生产和社会经济发展起到了一定的促进作用，本文从耕地面积扩大、粮食亩产量提高和粮食总产量增加三方面考察它们对我国粮食生产的影响，及粮食作物结构变动情况；又从粮食商品化、山区开发、经济作物种植及手工业和商业的发展等几方面考察它们对我国社会经济发展的影响。二是在我国人民的饮食生活中发挥了重要作用。三是对人口增长的影响，本文从考察清代人口增长情况出发，结合美洲粮食作物的传播特征分析其内在联系。四是对生态环境的影响，引用方志中大量资料以说明当时由于垦种玉米引起的环境恶化导致农业生产率降低的情况。总之，明清时期美洲粮食作物玉米、番薯、马铃薯的传入、传播对我国产生了巨大影响。本文的创新点是从饮食角度考察分析这三种外来作物产生的影响，在美洲粮食作物广泛推广的数百年间，首先成为山区人民的主食，也使我国其他地区的传统主食结构发生了改变，玉米和番薯很大程度上代替了多种传统低产杂粮的种植，在向来以稻麦黍稷为主要作物的传统农业区成为杂粮的主力军，为贫苦农民的饮食生活提供了更为廉价的选择。玉米番薯成为贫民的主粮，反映了农业危机的加深，也在一定程度上推动了商品粮贸易。通过分析这一转变的过程，可以了解由美洲粮食作物带来的我国劳动人民饮食体系变化，使这些作物进一步为当今人民生活服务。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the rapid growth of population, the problem of food shortage became more and more serious. Under such social background, corn, sweet potato and potato Yu Ming, a high-yielding grain crop in America, were introduced into China one after another, which played an important role in solving the food problem in China. In this paper, the introduction, dissemination and utilization of the three crops in China from the middle of Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China are discussed, and the great influence of them is emphatically studied. Corn, sweet potato, potato, these three kinds of American grain crops, the way of introduction has always been controversial, difficult to determine. Based on the local chronicles of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the records of the agricultural history, this paper analyzes and sums up the introduction process of each route, and investigates their spreading situation in China, and summarizes the basic characteristics of their dissemination and distribution. This paper also introduces in detail the ways in which these crops are used by the working people in our country, and reveals their importance to our people's life and agricultural production. The introduction and popularization of these three crops have a variety of effects on our country. First, they have played a certain role in promoting agricultural production and social and economic development. In this paper, the area of cultivated land has been expanded. The effects of increasing grain yield per mu and total grain yield on China's grain production and the changes in grain crop structure are investigated. Again, from the perspective of the commercialization of grain and the development of mountainous areas, The effects of cash crop cultivation, handicraft industry and commercial development on China's social and economic development were investigated. Second, in our people's diet and life has played an important role. The third is the influence on population growth. This paper studies the population growth in Qing Dynasty and analyzes its internal relations with the spreading characteristics of grain crops in America. The fourth is the impact on the ecological environment, quoting a large amount of data from Fang Zhi to illustrate the situation that the environmental deterioration caused by the cultivation of maize at that time led to the decline of agricultural productivity. In a word, the introduction and spread of corn, sweet potato and potato in the Ming and Qing dynasties had a great influence on our country. The innovation of this paper is to investigate and analyze the effects of these three exotic crops from the perspective of diet. In the hundreds of years of extensive popularization of food crops in the Americas, they have first become the staple food for people in mountain areas. It also changed the traditional staple food structure in other areas of our country. Maize and sweet potatoes largely replaced the cultivation of many traditional low-yielding miscellaneous grains, and in the traditional agricultural areas, where rice and wheat millet was the main crop, it became the main force for miscellaneous grain. It provides a cheaper choice for poor farmers to eat and live. Corn sweet potato has become the main grain for the poor, reflecting the deepening of the agricultural crisis and promoting the commodity grain trade to some extent. Through the analysis of the process of this transformation, we can understand the changes in the diet system of the working people brought about by the American grain crops, and make these crops serve the people's lives further.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K248;F329.4

【引证文献】